In persons where the dietetic and above-mentioned mechanical remedies have not proved effective, irrigation of the rectum and intestines should be employed. We would not, however, advise the constant use of this method, as torpidity of the intestine might result if practiced daily (see chapter on the hygiene of the intestines). In cases where there is a more serious degree of constipation a little soap, or olive or castor oil, should be added to the water, together with a little soda to assist the formation of an emulsion. Enemata possess the advantage of having nothing to do with the stomach, and thus this important organ can be spared much irritation which, unfortunately, cannot be avoided when other purging remedies, such as drugs, are given, all of which must pass through the stomach when taken by the mouth. If we find it necessary to resort to laxative drugs by the mouth we must first try such drugs as are least irritating to the stomach and intestines, and foremost among these is rhubarb, which can be taken in the form of a compote as well as a drug. To this it is well to add magnesia and bicarbonate of soda. We should, if possible, administer only the mildest purgatives, and, therefore, if rhubarb is not effective, we may give cascara sagrada, or the pulp of tamarind, which is, moreover, pleasant to take; but the action is not so pronounced as in the case of cascara sagrada (rhamnus purshiana). Before resorting to drugs, however, we think it would be better to try the natural mineral waters, and only when these fail should we fall back on drugs. There are two kinds of mineral waters, each varying in its action: 1. The milder acting water, of a laxative nature. 2. Stronger water, with drastic action. Of the former we will mention those which are employed for several weeks continuously for a regular cure: Germany: Kissingen; Austria: Carlsbad; Marienbad. As the author of this book is himself a practicing physician at one of these springs, he thinks it more becoming to pass over in silence which of these waters is preferable. Each of them, as also many others not mentioned for want of space, have their undoubted merits. A teaspoonful of Sprudel salt, taken in a glass of lukewarm water in the morning on an empty stomach, will give excellent results; but it should not be taken every day for any length of time, as otherwise, as with all other drugs if taken continuously, it may deaden the excitability of the nerves of the intestines, and success depends upon keeping these nerves in such a condition that they may respond, upon a light stimulation, with a contraction of the intestinal walls and expulsion of the fæcal matter.