CHAPTER XXVIII. CENTRAL PARIS (_continued_). The Rue Saint-Denis--Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles--George Cadoudal--Saint-Eustache--The Central Markets--The General Post Office.....311 CHAPTER XXIX. THE "NATIONAL RAZOR." The Rue de l'Arbre Sec--Dr. Guillotin--Dr. Louis--The Guillotine--The First Political Execution.....327 CHAPTER XXX. THE EXECUTIONER. The Executioner--His Taxes and Privileges--Monsieur de Paris--Victor of Nîmes.....330 CHAPTER XXXI. PÈRE-LACHAISE. The Cemeteries of Clamart and Picpus--Père-Lachaise--La Villette and Chaumont--The Conservatoire--Rue Laffitte--The Rothschilds--Montmartre--Clichy.....333 CHAPTER XXXII. PARIS DUELS. The Legal Institution of the Duel--The Congé de la Bataille--In the Sixteenth Century--Jarnac--Famous Duels.....345 CHAPTER XXXIII. THE STUDENTS OF PARIS. Paris Students--Their Character--In the Middle Ages--At the Revolution--Under the Directory--In 1814--In 1819--Lallemand--In the Revolution of 1830.....355 CHAPTER XXXIV. THE RAG-PICKER OF PARIS. The Chiffonier or Rag-picker--His Methods and Hours of Work--His Character--A Diogenes--The _Chiffonier de Paris_.....360 CHAPTER XXXV. THE BOHEMIAN OF PARIS. Béranger's Bohemians--Balzac's Definition--Two Generations--Henri Mürger.....365 CHAPTER XXXVI. THE PARIS WAITER. The Garçon--The Development of the Type--The Garçon's Daily Routine--His Ambitions and Reverses.....369 CHAPTER XXXVII. THE PARIS COOK. Brillat Savarin on the Art of Cooking--The Cook and the Roaster--Cooking in the Seventeenth Century--Louis XV.--Mme. de Maintenon.....372 [Illustration] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. .....PAGE Boulevard des Italiens....._Frontispiece_ Place de la Concorde.....1 The Left Bank of the Seine, from Notre Dame.....4 Right Bank of the Seine, from Notre Dame.....5 On the Boulevards--Corner of Place de l'Opéra.....8 Théâtre Français.....9 A Street Scene.....11 Notre Dame.....12 The Choir Stalls, Notre Dame.....13 Rue du Cloitre.....16 Apsis of Notre Dame.....17 The Leaden Spire, Notre Dame.....20 Gargoyles in the Sacristy, Notre Dame.....21 Church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois.....24 (Map) Principal Streets of Paris.....25 Scene during the Massacre of St. Bartholomew.....28 The Pont-Neuf and the Louvre, from the Quai des Augustins.....30 By the Pont-Neuf.....32 Seine Fishers.....32 View from the Pavilion de Flore....._facing_ 33 The Pont-Neuf and the Mint.....33 Statue of Henri IV. on the Pont-Neuf.....36 The Institute.....37 The Pont-Neuf from the Island.....40 View from the Western Point of the Île de la Cité.....41 Place de la Bastille and Column of July.....45 Junction of Grands Boulevards and Rue and Faubourg Montmartre.....48 The Bastille.....49 The Conquerors of the Bastille.....53 À la Robespierre.....56 A Lady of 1793.....56 A Tricoteuse.....56 Map showing the Extension of Paris.....57 Adrienne Lecouvreur.....61 A Duel in the Bois de Boulogne.....64 The Seine from Notre Dame....._facing_ 5