Nadin, complaint of, 181 Nadoueseronoms, 119 Navajo Indians, expedition against, 64 Needles, purchase of, 88 Nelson River, 189 Neutral Ground, removal of Winnebagoes from, 47 New Mexico, 64 New Orleans, 56 New Ulm (Minnesota), 49 New York City, 56, 145, 172, 175; draft riots in, 64 Niagara Falls, 55, 173 Nichols, R. C., building of Fort Armstrong by, 18 Nicollet, Jean, exploration by, 3 Nicollet, Joseph N., explorations by, 166, 167; reference to, 180 Nine Mile River, 174 Nokay River, 48 North, Lords of, 54-72 North Dakota, 40 North West Company, activities of, 4; traders of, 5; extent of commerce of, 6; reference to, 8, 9, 10, 244 Northern Pacific Survey, 46 Northwest, period of foreign rule in, 1-17; reference to, 18; importance of Fort Snelling in, 55, 118; guardian of, 30; work of missionaries in, 146-158; coming of first steamboat to, 159, 160; missionary bishop of, 169, 242; part of Fort Snelling in development of, 199, 200; meaning of term, 205 Oak Grove, mission at, 155 Oats, raising of, 95 O'Fallon, Benjamin, 16 Officer of the day, 85 Officers' Mess, 88 Officers' quarters, description of, 75; fire in, 101 Officers' Training Camp, 53 "O. H. Perry" (keelboat), 33, 34 Ojibway Indians, home of, 103 Old Northwest, settlement of, 14; reference to, 205 Oliphant, Laurence, 222 Oliver, Lieutenant, experiences of, 26 Orderly-room, 75 Ordnance, alleged lack of, 76; stock of, 76, 77 Ordnance sergeant, quarters of, 75 Ordway, John, 206 Oregon treaty, 46 Orphan asylum, 118 Orphans, fund for relief of, 87 Osage Indians, treaty with, 208 Ottawa Indians, 177 Otter furs, exchange of, for liquor, 142 Otter Tail Lake, 37, 131 Otto, Helen, acknowledgments to, x