Pacific Coast, emigration to, 45; necessity of railroad to, 46; survey of route for railroad to, 46, 47 Pacific Northwest, 205 Page, Captain, 36 Painted rock, 175 Painters, 92 "Palmyra" (steamboat), 168 Paper, purchase of, 88 Papermakers, 92 Parade ground, 73; sweeping of, 85 Parkman, Francis, 146 Parties, holding of, 100, 101 Pattern farms, 103 Patterson, Robert, visit of, to Fort Snelling, 164 Pawnee Indians, campaign against, 56 Paymaster, office of, 75 Peace conferences between Indians, 131 Peace pipe, 107; smoking of, 126 Pelzer, Louis, vii Pembina, hunting party from, 38; expedition to, 39, 40, 45; reference to, 140, 163 Pemmican, making of, 37 Peoria (Illinois), 99 Pepper, purchase of, 88 Perrot, Nicholas, 3 Perry, Abraham, 192 Perry, Mrs. Abraham, 193 Pe-she-ke, speech by, 183 Pettijohn, Eli, purchase made by, 88 Phelan, Edward, 190 Philadelphia, 161, 164 Physician at Fort Snelling, sketch of life of, 65, 66; service of, to settlers, 190, 191 Piankashaw Indians, treaty with, 208 Picnic grounds, 82 Picnics, 96 Pike, Zebulon M., expedition under, 4; activities of English traders investigated by, 5-8; cession of land secured by, 7, 8; reference to, 11, 22, 139, 146, 179, 192, 193; promise made by, 17 Pike's Island, 187 Pillager band of Chippewas, treaty with, 45; reference to, 179, 182 Pilot Knob, 80 Pine Bend, 86 Pine Coulie, 232 Pine timber, 172 Pinisha, 83 Pipestone quarry, trip to, 167 Pioneers, protection of, against Indians, 116;