On the north bank of the Santa Margarita Creek, near the ranch house, is an interesting cliff of Quaternary sands and gravel, showing a number of strata deposited under different conditions on an old beach. (Fig. 13.) The Tertiary beds north of the Santa Margarita Creek are very different in outline from those south. Instead of their extending in a gradual slope from the older mountains to the ocean, there arises in them, near their western border, a range of mountains, known as the San Onofre Mountains. These extend parallel to the ocean at an average distance of 2 miles. They rise north of the Santa Margarita Creek and extend to the San Onofre Creek. They have a gradual slope on the west, rising to an elevation of 1,400 feet, but are quite abrupt on the east. Los Flores Creek cuts through the southern end of this range, showing that while the soft, clayey sandstones between it and the Santa Margarita Mountains slope only 5° to 10° southwest, the rocks of the range itself dip west at an angle of 35° to 40°. The formation is a breccia, the fragments of which are argillitic, micaceous, and hornblendic schists. Some of these fragments are of great size, one bowlder of hornblende schist being 8 feet in diameter. Pebbles of white quartz and other hard metamorphics are also present. The soft, coarse sandstone in which the fragments are imbedded show no traces of any granitic matter. The range was ascended 2 miles north of the Los Flores ranch house, and found to consist entirely of fragmental schists, such as those mentioned, dipping southwest at an angle of 45°. The mountains were also climbed at their northern end, near San Onofre Creek. Here there is a very abrupt escarpment on the eastern side. The strata dip toward the ocean at a high angle, while the irregular hills and ridges of soft, light-colored sandstone lying east toward the Santa Margarita Mountains are nearly level. After a careful study of the range the conclusion was reached that its origin was due to a great fault, represented by the very abrupt eastern slope, tilting the elevated portion to the west at a high angle. I believe that this fault took place after the deposition of the Tertiary strata. As far as my observation went the Tertiary beds on the east do not rise to meet the San Onofre range, as they would to a certain extent if it were present when they were deposited; on the contrary, they dip toward it. West of the range the ocean is bordered by very high cliffs of Quaternary clays, and in only two or three places do the Tertiary rocks outcrop. Small patches of sandstone outcrop near the road at the western foot of the mountains; they also dip west at a high angle. Many of the fragments at the northern end of the range show their derivation from a massive crystalline rock. The hornblende schists are generally garnetiferous. Blue glaucophane schists are also very common. South of Mission Viejo Creek, Orange County, there is an outcrop of rock, apparently in place,