Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 41869-h.htm or 41869-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41869/41869-h/41869-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41869/41869-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See http://archive.org/details/oldtavernsignsex00enderich OLD TAVERN SIGNS [Illustration: Old Dutch Signs From a Painting by Gerrit and Job Berkheyden] OLD TAVERN SIGNS An Excursion in the History of Hospitality by FRITZ ENDELL With Illustrations by the Author Published by Houghton Mifflin Company Printed at The Riverside Press Cambridge Mdccccxvi Copyright, 1916, by Houghton Mifflin Company All Rights Reserved Published November 1916 THIS EDITION, PRINTED AT THE RIVERSIDE PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, CONSISTS OF FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY NUMBERED COPIES, OF WHICH FIVE HUNDRED ARE FOR SALE. THIS IS NUMBER 5 Preface For a sign! as indeed man, with his singular imaginative faculties, can do little or nothing without signs. CARLYLE The author’s love of the subject is his only apology for his bold undertaking. First it was the filigree quality and the beauty of the delicate tracery of the wrought-iron signs in the picturesque villages of southern Germany that attracted his attention; then their deep symbolic significance exerted its influence more and more over his mind, and tempted him at last to follow their history back until he could discover its multifarious relations to the thought and feeling of earlier generations. For the shaping of the English text the author is greatly indebted to his American friends Mr. D. S. Muzzey, Mr. Emil Heinrich Richter, and Mr. Carleton Noyes. Contents