Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) Old-Time Makers of Medicine THE STORY OF THE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS OF THE SCIENCES RELATED TO MEDICINE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES BY James J. Walsh, K.C.St.G., M.D. Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D., Sc.D. DEAN AND PROFESSOR OF NERVOUS DISEASES AND OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AT FORDHAM UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE; PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY AT THE CATHEDRAL COLLEGE, NEW YORK NEW YORK FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS 1911 COPYRIGHT 1911 JAMES J. WALSH THE QUINN & GODEN CO. PRESS RAHWAY, N.J. TO REVEREND DANIEL J. QUINN, S.J. The historical material here presented was gathered for my classes at Fordham University School of Medicine during your term as president of the University. It seems only fitting then, that when put into more permanent form it should appear under the patronage of your name and tell of my cordial appreciation of more than a quarter of a century of valued friendship. "When we have thoroughly mastered contemporary science it is time to turn to past science; nothing fortifies the judgment more than this comparative study; impartiality of mind is developed thereby, the uncertainties of any system become manifest. The authority of facts is there confirmed, and we discover in the whole picture a philosophic teaching which is in itself a lesson; in other words, we learn to know, to understand, and to judge."--LITTRE: _OEuvres d'Hippocrate_, T. I, p. 477. "There is not a single development, even the most advanced of contemporary medicine, which is not to be found in embryo in the medicine of the olden time."--LITTRE: Introduction to the Works of Hippocrates. "How true it is that in reading this history one finds modern discoveries that are anything but discoveries, unless one supposes that they have been made twice."--DUJARDIN: _Histoire de la Chirurgie_, Paris, 1774 (quoted by Gurlt on the post title-page of his _Geschichte der Chirurgie_, Berlin, 1898). PREFACE