V. GREAT ARABIAN PHYSICIANS 109 VI. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL AT SALERNO 141 VII. CONSTANTINE AFRICANUS 163 VIII. MEDIEVAL WOMEN PHYSICIANS 177 IX. MONDINO AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF BOLOGNA 202 X. GREAT SURGEONS OF THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITIES 234 XI. GUY DE CHAULIAC 282 XII. MEDIEVAL DENTISTRY--GIOVANNI OF ARCOLI 313 XIII. CUSANUS AND THE FIRST SUGGESTION OF LABORATORY METHODS IN MEDICINE 336 XIV. BASIL VALENTINE, LAST OF THE ALCHEMISTS, FIRST OF THE CHEMISTS 349 APPENDICES I. ST. LUKE THE PHYSICIAN 381 II. SCIENCE AT THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITIES 400 III. MEDIEVAL POPULARIZATION OF SCIENCE 427 "Of making many books there is no end."--_Eccles._ xii, 12 (circa 1000 B.C.). "The little by-play between Socrates and Euthydemus suggests an advanced condition of medical literature: 'Of course, you who have so many books are going in for being a doctor,' says Socrates, and then he adds, 'there are so many books on medicine, you know.' As Dyer remarks, whatever the quality of these books may have been, their number must have been great to give point to this chaff."--_Aequanimitas_, WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., F.R.S., Blakistons, Philadelphia, 1906. "Augescunt aliae gentes, aliae minuuntur; Inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum, Et, quasi cursores vitai lampada tradunt." --OVID. One nation rises to supreme power in the world, while another declines, and, in a brief space of time, the sovereign people change, transmitting, like racers, the lamp of life to some other that is to succeed them. "There is one Science of Medicine which is concerned with the inspection of health equally in all times, present, past and future." --PLATO. I INTRODUCTION