Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustration. See 45010-h.htm or 45010-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45010/45010-h/45010-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45010/45010-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/gardinercrom00garduoft OLIVER CROMWELL * * * * * * WORKS BY SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642. 10 vols. crown 8vo, 5_s._ net each. A HISTORY OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649. 4 vols. crown 8vo, 5_s._ net each. A HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE. 1649-1660. 4 vols. crown 8vo, 5_s._ net each. A STUDENT'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the Earliest Times to 1885. Vol. I. B.C. 55-A.D. 1509. With 173 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 4_s._ Vol. II. 1509-1689. With 96 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 4_s._ Vol. III. 1689-1901. With 109 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 4_s._ *.* _Complete in One Volume, with 378 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 12s._ A SCHOOL ATLAS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. Edited by SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, D.C.L., LL.D. With 66 Coloured Maps and 22 Plans of Battles and Sieges. Fcp. 4to, 5_s._ CROMWELL'S PLACE IN HISTORY. Founded on Six Lectures delivered at Oxford. Crown 8vo, 3_s._ 6_d._ OLIVER CROMWELL. With Frontispiece. Crown 8vo, 5_s._ net. WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS: a Reply to Father Gerard. With 8 Illustrations and Plans. Crown 8vo, 5_s._ THE FIRST TWO STUARTS AND THE PURITAN REVOLUTION, 1603-1660. 4 Maps. Fcp. 8vo, 2_s._ 6_d._ THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, 1618-1648. With a Map. Fcp. 8vo, 2_s._ 6_d._ OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY, B.C. 55-A.D. 1901. With 67 Woodcuts and 17 Maps. Fcp. 8vo, 2_s._ 6_d._ THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1795. By Mrs. S. R. GARDINER. With 7 Maps. Fcp. 8vo, 2_s._ 6_d._ LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA * * * * * * [Illustration: Printed in Paris OLIVER CROMWELL _From the Original Panel by Samuel Cooper at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge._] OLIVER CROMWELL by SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, M.A. Hon. D.C.L. Oxford: Litt.D. Cambridge: LL.D. Edinburgh Ph.D. Göttingen: Late Fellow of Merton College Honorary Student of Christ Church Fellow of King's College, London With Frontispiece New Impression Longmans, Green, and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London New York, Bombay, and Calcutta 1909 CONTENTS CHAPTER I. KING AND PARLIAMENT. 1 CHAPTER II. THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE PRESBYTERIANS. 56 CHAPTER III. THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE KING. 101 CHAPTER IV. THE LAST YEARS OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT. 166