I administered chloroform to two ladies, one a patient of Mr. Bowman, and the other of Mr. Wm. Adams, whilst hæmorrhoids were removed by the écraseur. The operations lasted rather more than half an hour; but the chloroform, after the commencement of the operation, required only to be kept up to a moderate extent. There was no hæmorrhage in either case; and it seemed to me that the great pain which is caused by the presence of the ligatures would be prevented by this means of operating. Hæmorrhoids and prolapsus ani are peculiarly prevalent in the upper class of society. That small portion of English people who dine in the evening seem to furnish more cases of hæmorrhoids for operation than all the rest of the population. And I am inclined to attribute the circumstance to the habit of taking the greater part of the food towards the close of the day, after a long fast; by which means congestion of the liver, and obstruction to the return of blood from the bowels is induced. Many of the patients with hæmorrhoids are ladies who are far from luxurious in their habits, indeed many of them are abstemious; and many of the male patients are the reverse of sedentary, as they spend a great part of their time in hunting, and other field sports. Again, the complaint cannot in my opinion be attributed to highly seasoned food, as I think the working classes use more pepper than fashionable people. I am inclined to believe that the habit of taking the chief meal of the day at twelve or one o’clock, is the principal reason why bad cases of hæmorrhoids are comparatively so rare in the working and middle classes, many of whom live luxuriously, and are more sedentary in their habits than the higher class of society. Several of the patients operated on for hæmorrhoids were extremely blanched, from the continued loss of blood arising from the disease; but these patients underwent both the action of the chloroform and the operation very well. The operation, it must be remembered, is not attended with loss of blood. _Fissure of the Anus._ I have notes of forty-four cases in which I have exhibited chloroform in operations for the cure of this disease. Two of them were performed by the late Mr. Copeland. The sphincter ani was divided in the greater number of the operations. In addition to these cases, there were some in which fissure existed, along with hæmorrhoids, or fistula _in ano_. The patient was always placed on his side, in the same position as in the operation for hæmorrhoids. _Operations for Fistula in Ano._ The position of the patient in this operation should be the same as in those for hæmorrhoids and fissure of the anus, unless the patient is placed on the back, in the lithotomy position, as I have seen in a few cases.