In England, during this latter period, with a population of but one-half the size, the returns of the Registrar-General show a relative increase nine times greater.[12] In thirty-seven years, from 1817 to 1854, the mean annual increase in France was not more than 155,929, yet in five years, from 1846 to 1851, it had fallen to 76,000 yearly, and from 1851 to 1856, to 51,200, and this with a population ranging from twenty-nine to thirty-four millions. A comparison of these facts, with those obtaining in other European States, will make the above still more evident. We now quote from Rau.[13] Rate of Increase. Per Cent. Hungary, according to Rohrer 2.40 England, from 1811 to 1821 1.78 ” from 1821 to 1831 1.60 Prussia, from 1816 to 1827 1.54 ” from 1820 to 1830 1.37 ” from 1821 to 1831 1.27 Austria, (Rohrer) 1.30 Scotland, from 1821 to 1831 1.30 Netherlands, from 1821 to 1828 1.28 Saxony, from 1815 to 1830 1.15 Baden (Heunisch,) from 1820 to 1830 1.13 Bavaria, from 1814 to 1828 1.08 Naples, from 1814 to 1824 0.83 France (Mathieu,) from 1817 to 1827 0.63 France, more recently, (De Jonnés) 0.55 A similar and corroborative table, containing additional matter, is given by Quetelet;[14] its differences from the preceding are owing to its representing a series of different years. Rate of Increase. Per Cent. Ireland 2.45 Hungary 2.40 Spain 1.66 England 1.65 Rhenish Prussia 1.33 Austria 1.30 Bavaria 1.08 Netherlands 0.94 Naples 0.83 France 0.63 And more recently, Legoyt brings up these results to the close of 1846.[15] As shown by the census, the rate of increase was, in Per Cent. Great Britain, exclusive of Ireland 1.95 Prussia 1.84 Saxony 1.45 Norway 1.36 Sardinia 1.08 Holland 0.90 Austria 0.85 Sweden 0.83 France 0.68 Or, as shown by the annual excess of births over deaths, and therefore more reliable—