but whenever a quantitative determination of the relative proportion of the two has been made, the proteoses have always been in excess. I have already reported elsewhere the results of some experiments in this direction made on a healthy young man, where the stomach-contents were withdrawn at varying periods after the ingestion of weighed amounts of coagulated egg-albumin. Thus, in one experiment[146] the stomach was thoroughly rinsed with water, after which 138 grammes of finely divided coagulated-albumin, equal to 16 grammes of dry albumin, were ingested. Three-quarters of an hour thereafter, the stomach-contents were withdrawn by lavage and analyzed. As a result, 1.41 grammes of albumoses were separated and weighed, and 0.84 gramme of peptones, the relative proportion being expressed by sixty-two per cent. of albumoses and thirty-seven per cent. of peptones, calculated on the 2.25 grammes of soluble products recovered. This expresses the general character of the results obtained in experiments of this nature, and in my opinion adds emphasis to the statement already made, that complete peptonization is not a feature of pepsin-proteolysis, either in the artificial or in the natural process as it takes place in the living stomach. [146] Journal of Physiology, vol. xiv., p. 501. Gastric digestion is to be considered rather as a preliminary step in proteolysis, preparatory to the more profound changes characteristic of pancreatic digestion, in which the ferment trypsin is the important factor. We can thus see how, as in the case of Czerny’s dogs, an animal may be perfectly nourished without a stomach, digestive proteolysis being carried on solely by the pancreatic fluid. You will remember that two of the dogs operated on by Czerny and his pupils lived between four and five years after the operation, with the stomach completely removed, and yet during this period they were well nourished and ate all varieties of food with apparently a normal appetite.[147] Evidently, then, in some cases at least, digestive proteolysis can be carried on without this preliminary action of the gastric juice. Ogata[148] arrived at essentially the same conclusion by the establishment of a duodenal fistula, shutting off the stomach from the intestine by means of a small rubber ball which could be inflated with water. On then introducing coagulated egg-albumin and other forms of proteid matter into the duodenum, he found that digestion was at least sufficiently complete to satisfy all the demands of the system. The only unsatisfactory result was with collagenous foods, which plainly showed the need of a preliminary acid digestion. More recently still, Cawallo and Pachon,[149] working in Richet’s laboratory, have studied the digestibility of different kinds of proteid foods in a dog, upon which they had performed a gastrectomy; the entire fundus, as well as the pyloric portion, of the stomach having been removed. In an animal