names for these long and complicated processes. In the course of his
expositions, Professor Freud uses these processes almost as if they were
demons, and he admits frankly their figurative character. But he pleads
that they represent real processes, and is ready to accept better names
when he finds them. To trace back the dream images to a definite meaning
in experience is the aim of the psycho-analysis of dreams. And the
successes in these must be tested by the facts. Sometimes the results
are highly persuasive, sometimes they look highly fanciful, always they
are full of suggestion and keep close to realities.
The dream symbolism, in particular, it is easy to criticise; but, after
all, dream symbolism is a reality. The point to investigate is, what
dream images are legitimately considered symbolic and what not. One has
only to remember that every word spoken or written is a symbol, and a
symbol in much the same sense as the symbolism of dreams, for every
written or spoken word is a complicated series of motions that express
meanings. The dream images are complicated series of images that express
meanings. The difficulty of symbolism is no greater in the one case than
in the other. But the variety of dream symbols is so immense that the
difficulties of tracing their meaning are enormous. It is here that the
method meets its greatest difficulties; but, equally, it is here that it
scores its greatest triumphs. Spoken or written language is a
technically organised system of symbols; dream language is as yet a
poorly organised system of symbols. The method of psycho-analysis aims
at organising them. Some test results are described in this essay;
multitudes of others are to be found in the literature that is flowing
from the application of the psycho-analytic method. Time alone will show
how far the organisation of dream symbols into a definite “language of
dreams” is, in any given society, actual or possible. But the effort of
organisation has led Professor Freud to another fine fetch of theory,
for his dream symbolism suggests many curious explanations for the
mythologies of all ages and all countries. Myth symbols, that seem to
defy explanation, he traces back to their roots in the “unconscious” of
primitive man.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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