A B. Bony palatal segments. A C. Muco-periosteal flaps.] My friend Mr. Oakley Coles has in his book on ‘Deformities of the Mouth’[64] gone very fully into the question of the association of abnormalities in the shape of the cranium with deformities of the palate, endeavouring to prove that the palatal defect is concurrent with, if not dependent upon, a non-development of the left lower parietal region of the cranium, _i. e._ of the portion of the skull overlying Broca’s convolution, which governs the function of articulate speech. Into this question space forbids me to enter here, and I would refer my readers to his excellent book, merely quoting some of the conclusions at which he arrives: “1. There seems a definite relation between palate and cranium; certainly as to length and breadth, probably as to outlines. “2. In palatal deformity or interference with the mechanism of speech, there seems to be in a large number of cases asymmetry of the brain-case. “3. In strongly marked cases of malformation of the upper or lower jaws, there is equally well-marked asymmetry of the skull. “4. In a notable number of cases this flattening of the cranium is on the left side. “5. It is generally admitted that the language, speech, and sound centres are chiefly on the left side of the brain. “6. Evidence is obtainable that structural defects, mechanical injuries, or pathological changes involving these parts produce defects of language and speech. “7. In so far as functional activity and capacity may be taken as measures of organic perfection or otherwise, it may be assumed that certain cases of cleft palate, or the subjects of some other deformities in the maxillary region, who have also a deficiency in the articulate sound function are also deficient in the articulate sound nerve-centre. “8. And as it has been shown that congenital structural defect of the brain is frequently associated with physical deformity of the skull, so it may be useful to regard the conformation of the skull as part of the evidence by which we may estimate the development of the brain. “9. If it be possible to avail ourselves of the facts that are stated, and the inferences that are indicated, we may be able to prognose with a greater degree of certainty the future language and speech capacity of sufferers from palatal and maxillary deformities of congenital origin.”[65] * * * * * We must now turn to the functional results of these deformities, and trace out some of the effects which they produce on the economy. [Illustration: FIG. 44.—Soft metal cover to teat of feeding bottle, which can be moulded to the infant’s mouth, and act as an obturator during suction. (_Mason._)]