On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 1 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 1 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
The gelatinous or creamy mucilage of which these fungi consist, forms a
mycelium which is either diffuse, or creeps over the matrix on which it
grows in anastomosing filaments like a network, or it is arranged
without any definite order. This spawn gives rise to many bodies having
an envelope of one or more concentric membranes, technically called a
peridium, enclosing a gelatinous fertile substance which, when mature,
becomes a mass of scales or threads mixed with spores; the spores are
mostly attached to short threads singly or in groups, sometimes
surrounded by a firm coat or cyst. These bodies are either sessile on
the mycelium or stalked, and are either free or confluent. In their soft
state the tissues are so delicate that they exhibit no structure, but
just as they are passing from the puffy to the dry dusty state there are
indications of it.
It would be tedious to describe the variety of forms assumed by the
fruit-bearing bodies in the different genera of these fungi, or the
manner in which they are ruptured to give egress to the spores, which
differ in colour according to the species, though they are for the most
part red. The forms of the chaffy scales and threads are equally
diversified: in the species of Trichia, the threads contain one or more
spiral filaments, a form peculiar to the vegetable kingdom.
Botanists are now generally of opinion that the Myxogastres are
vegetables, although the singular Amœba-like motions some of them
exhibit, and the nature of the motile bodies they produce, seemed to
assign them a place in the animal kingdom; indeed, even now little is
known of the reproduction and final life-history of these singular
fungi.
Motions precisely similar to those of the Amœbæ, the lowest class of
animal existences, were observed by MM. Hoffmann and Tulasne, and more
especially by M. de Bary,[53] in the Æthalium septicum. It is a yellow
pulpy mass, produced upon a spawn or mycelium consisting of semi-fluid
gelatinous anastomosing filaments, often widely spread through the moist
tan in hothouses.
M. de Bary describes the filaments of the mycelium as full of a
multitude of small colourless corpuscles mixed with large yellow ones;
moreover the branches of this mucous network are described as
continually changing their form, in a manner closely resembling the
pseudopodia of the animal Amœba. They push out new branches, others are
withdrawn, and the whole mycelium frequently advances with a creeping
motion of translation. The yellow pulpy mass produced by the mycelium is
entirely composed of similarly constituted soft filaments about the
thickness of a bristle closely interlaced. They anastomose in all
directions, in long or short meshes, and their upper free extremities
form groups of projections which bristle the exterior surface of the
pulpy mass.
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