On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
Worms of the genus Polynoë have also two rows of shields on their backs,
but they are studded with transparent oval bodies on short stems,
supposed to be organs of touch. The filiform tentacles and antennæ that
are developed between the shields, as well as the cirri or curly
bristles of the feet, are likewise covered with similar sensitive
organs. Fig. 135 shows the foot, cirri, and bristles of a Polynoë, which
are enclosed in plates which preserve them from hurting the worm. These
glassy bristles are beautiful objects under the microscope; still more
so are the jointed feet, transparent as the purest flint glass, of the
Phyllodoce viridis, one of the most beautiful Annelids on our coasts,
where it threads its way among young mollusca like a slender green cord,
exhibiting foliaceous gills in the highest perfection.
[Illustration: Fig. 135. Foot of a Polynoë.]
In the marine Annelids the embryo, on leaving the egg, is a gelatinous
globular mass of cells furnished with strong cilia. In a few hours the
mass elongates and divides into four parts, a head, a large ciliated
segment, a smaller one without cilia, and a ciliated tail. After a time
a succession of new segments are interposed, one by one, next to the
tail segment, and the corresponding internal organs of each are
developed till the worm arrives at its adult state. In many Annelids the
embryo is highly developed within the parent; that of the Eunice has
from 100 to 120 segments before it leaves her; and in the Nereis
diversicolor the young, covered with cilia, come out by hundreds at an
orifice in the side of the mother.
Many of the marine Annelids are luminous; electric scintillations are
given out during the act of nervous contraction, which are increased in
brilliancy and rapidity by irritation.
According to Professeur Quatrefages, the Annelida Errantia and Tubicola
have no zoological regions characterized by one or more special types
like the other classes of animals; they have representatives in all
seas. But it is exactly the contrary with regard to species. The number
of species common to any two seas, or the shores of two continents, is
very small; there is not a single species common to the Atlantic coasts
of France and the Mediterranean. The sea-worms are not affected by
climate, but they are said to be more abundant on granitic and schistose
coasts than on the calcareous.[34]
With regard to fossil remains, worm-tracks are seen in the Forest
marble, long calcareous tubes occur in the Upper Silurian and
Carboniferous strata, and in all the later formations tubercular
Annelids abound, especially of the genera Serpula, Spirorbis, and
Vermilia.[35]
_Tardigrada._
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