On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
The movements of the bristly feet of the Errantia are reflex, depending
on the nerve-centres in their segments; but they are controlled and
connected by the double cord which passes through them.
Every hair, cirrus, and tentacle on the bodies of the Errant Worms is a
living organ of feeling, shrinking at the smallest touch, but enabling
them to select their food, to move towards and retreat from objects, and
to thread their way through the most intricate labyrinths with unerring
certainty, which seems to render them independent of eyes; yet many of
them have multitudes of eyes, or rather eye-specks, according to the
genera. Some have but one eye-speck placed in the forehead; one genus
has a double row throughout their whole length, two in each segment,
while the Amphicora has two in its tail. All these eye-specks have their
crystalline lens, pigment-layer, and nerve-bulb, so that the Errant
Worms must see objects, and their motions show that they do; but we can
form no idea of the kind of vision.
Besides the variety of organs on the skin of the Errantia, some of these
worms have two rows of flat plates on their backs overlapping each other
at their edges like the scales of a fish. They are well developed in the
Aphrodita hystrix, or the Sea Mouse of fishermen, and its congeners.
That Annelid, which is an inhabitant of European coasts, is thicker and
broader than other sea-worms. The two rows of overlapping shields on its
back, and the quantity of iridescent hairs, cirri, and other appendages
covering the body, is so great as to form a kind of felt or fur like the
skin of a mouse. The members of this genus of sea-worms have no gills
properly so called; the only external sign of respiration is a
periodical elevation and depression of the shields on their backs by the
action of a complex system of muscles. The thick covering of felt on the
body of the worm below the shields becomes filled with water during
their elevation, which is ejected forcibly at the posterior end of the
body during their depression. Although the water does not penetrate the
thin skin on the back of the worm, its oxygen does, and is accumulated
in the colourless liquid in which the stomach floats; and from it the
blood, which is of a pale yellow colour, receives its oxygen. The feet
of the worm are fan-shaped groups of sharp glassy bristles enclosed
between two plates, which prevent them from hurting the animal when it
puts them out or draws them in. The Aphrodita is male and female: the
eggs escape through pores in the female, and are received in a kind of
pouch beneath the dorsal shields till hatched. The embryo is an oval
locomotive mass, with groups of cilia, and indications of an eye-speck:
after swimming about for twenty-four hours, the segments begin to be
developed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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