Remarks on open draining, . . . 88 Bending and kneeing larch, . . . 90 New plan of forming larch roots advantageously into knees, . . . 94 Uses of larch, and value as a naval timber, . . . 97 PART III.—MISCELLANEOUS MATTER CONNECTED WITH NAVAL TIMBER. NURSERIES, . . . 106 Infinite variety existing in what is called species, . . . ib. Injurious effect from selecting the seed of the inferior varieties for sowing, . . . 107 Injurious effect from kiln-drying fir cones, . . . ib. A principle of selection existing in nature of the strongest varieties for reproduction, . . . 108 Injurious effect from the plants spindling in the seed-bed and nursery line, . . . 109 Injurious effect from cutting the roots and from pruning, . . . 111 A light soil and open situation best suited for a nursery, . . . ib. Wide diverging root-leaders necessary to the large extension of a tree, . . . 112 PLANTING, . . . 114 Further observations on pruning, . . . 117 Observations on timber, . . . 122 Table of the number of sap-growths of different kinds of timber, . . . 124 Remarks on laburnum, . . . 126 Height to which trees may be trained of clear stem, . . . 128 CONCERNING OUR MARINE, . . . 130 Causes which befit Britain for being the first naval power, and the emporium of the world, . . . 131 Utility of a system of universal free trade, . . . 133 Absolute necessity of abolishing every monopoly and restriction on trade in Britain, . . . 134 Our marine not represented in Parliament, and the consequences, . . . 135 Insane duty on the importation of naval timber and hemp, . . . 136 PART IV.—NOTICES OF AUTHORS WHO TREAT OF ARBORICULTURE. Utility of a general review of these authors, . . . 138 I.—FORESTER’S GUIDE, BY MR MONTEATH, . . . 140 Advantage of converting our coppice oak into forest, and of saving our home oak in time of peace, . . . 140 Plan, by Mr Monteath, of preparing peat soils for planting, . . . 142 ————— of covering bare rocky ground with timber, . . . 143 ————— of raising oak-forest or copse by layers, . . . 144 Influence of our vernal eastern breeze on vegetation, . . . 146 Cause why the trees of narrow belts seldom grow to large timber, . . . 148 Observations on pruning and thinning, . . . 150 Observations on the age at which the valuable part of oak bark is thickest, . . . 154 Observations on the prevention of dry-rot, . . . 157 II.—NICOL’S PLANTER’S CALENDAR, . . . 163 Different influence of transplanting on herbaceous and woody vegetables, . . . 164 Cutting the roots close in, injurious to some trees and not to others, . . . 165 Mr Sang’s plan of raising forest from the seed _in situ_, . . . 167 Reasons which render the planting of young trees preferable to sowing _in situ_, . . . 168