SEC. 37. With this I close my analysis of samenesses, and of confusions which have resulted in needless embarrassments and gratuitous difficulties. More instances of the latter could be given, of course. The reader will be able to furnish, I presume, many like them. Those which I have given seem to me quite sufficient to prove the need of much greater care and exactitude than one commonly finds in metaphysical reasonings. Loose reasoning is bad reasoning, and leads to bad results. Its one virtue is that it does not require much mental application on the part of either author or reader. On the other hand, the attempt to be cautious and exact, to distinguish between things easily confounded, and to keep strictly to the thing in dispute through a long discussion, these things are wearisome to all concerned. Although I am quite conscious of this fact, I have tried to do these things: with what result, my fellow-analysts must judge. I feel reasonably sure that I have succeeded in being wearisome, and for this I make due apology. CONTENTS. PART I. THE KINDS OF SAMENESS. PAGE. SEC. 1. Object of the Monograph, 5 " 2. Sameness in Sense First, or Strict Identity, 6 " 3. Sameness in Sense Second, 6 " 4. Sameness in Sense Third, 6 " 5. Sameness in Sense Fourth, 11 " 6. Sameness in Sense Fifth, 12 " 7. Sameness in Sense Sixth, 14 " 8. Sameness in Sense Seventh, 16 " 9. The Samenesses of "External" Things, 31 " 10. Ambiguity of the Word "Self," 34 " 11. The Samenesses of the Self, 35 " 12. Samenesses of the Self as Noumenon or Substance, 35 " 13. Samenesses of the "Real" Self out of Consciousness, 37 " 14. Samenesses of the Self in Consciousness, 38 " 15. Samenesses of the Self in Consciousness (continued), 42 " 16. Samenesses of the Self in Consciousness (continued), 43 " 17. The Self as "Form," and its Samenesses, 43 " 18. Summary of Results of the Foregoing Analysis, 48 " 19. The Element Common to the Kinds of Sameness, 54 " 20. Use of the Word Identity, 64 PART II. HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL. SEC. 21. The Error of Heraclitus, 67 " 22. The Climax of Cratylus, 68 " 23. The Parmenidean Argument for the Eternity of "Being," 68 " 24. Gorgias and Samenesses Fifth and Sixth, 69