On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of KnowledgeFullerton, George Stuart
Philosophy
On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of Knowledge
Fullerton, George Stuart
Knowledge, Theory of
Should one object, finally, that, if a given line in consciousness be
composed of a limited number of indivisible elements of sensation,
consciousness ought to distinguish these single elements and testify
as to their number; I answer that what is in consciousness is not
necessarily in a clear analytical consciousness, nor well distinguished
from other elements. For example, I am at present conscious of a stream
of sensations which I connect with the hand that holds my pen. The
single elements in this complex I cannot distinguish from each other,
nor can I give their number. It does not follow that I am to assume
the number to be infinite. Much less should I be impelled to make
this assumption, if it necessitated my accepting as true what I see
to be flatly contradictory, as in the case under discussion. It was
because of this vagueness and lack of discrimination in the testimony
of consciousness that I said, some distance back, that consciousness
_seems_ to testify that any finite line in it is composed of simple
parts. If the testimony were quite clear, the matter would be settled
at once. As it is not quite clear, the matter has to be settled on
a deductive basis. The most reasonable solution appears to be the
Berkeleyan.
So much for the line immediately perceived, the line in consciousness.
What shall we say to one who is willing to admit that this line is not
infinitely divisible, but is composed of simple sense-elements; and yet
who maintains that there exists an "external" line corresponding to
it, which is not immediately perceived, and is infinitely divisible?
We may begin by suggesting to him that an "external" point moving
over this "external" line must perform the wholly impossible feat to
which Clifford condemns a point moving over a line; and we may farther
suggest that, if the "external" world be an intelligible world at
all, a contradiction may be as much out of place in it as anywhere
else. And if the existence of this world be problematic, a thing not
self-evident, it seems quite reasonable to demand very good proof
indeed of the existence, of that which contains in its very conception
such excellent reasons for believing in its non-existence. This proof,
the student of the history of speculation will testify, has not as yet
been forthcoming.
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