On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of KnowledgeFullerton, George Stuart
Philosophy
On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of Knowledge
Fullerton, George Stuart
Knowledge, Theory of
But I must not be drawn into digressions. The points with which I am
concerned are these:--FIRST: When a man says he sees this tree or that
house, he ordinarily speaks as if there were but the one object in his
thought. If he distinguishes at all between an immediate and a mediate
object, the language that he uses would not indicate that he does so.
And even after men have entered into lengthy arguments for the purpose
of marking this distinction, and insisting that things are not single
as they seem to the unreflective, they still indulge in this peculiar
use of language, which would imply either that they have forgotten for
the time being their own distinction between the immediate and the
mediate, or that they regard the two as the same in Sense I, and to be
treated as one. Certainly, in their reasonings upon this subject, men
who hold to the two kinds of objects do confound them with one another,
and strengthen their faith in the two by this misconception, as I shall
show later. We have here, then, what we may call a kind of sameness, or
pseudo-sameness, which deserves investigation, and which one should be
careful not to confound with sameness of other kinds. Whether the word
same is commonly applied in the premises is indifferent to my purpose.
In the remainder of the present section I will consider the relation
between the mental representative and its assumed correlatives.
SECOND: If we are to accept not merely the world of objects immediately
known, but also a world or two worlds corresponding to this, and yet
distinct from it, we cannot be sure our list of samenesses is complete
unless we traverse in our search for the different kinds all the
spheres of being in which we believe, and of which we think we can
have some knowledge. In the section following this one I will try to
discover the kinds of sameness which a believer in "external" things
may reasonably attribute to them within their own sphere. In this
there is no question of the relation of something in one sphere to a
correlative something in another.
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