On the Connexion of the Physical SciencesSomerville, Mary
Science
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Somerville, Mary
Physical sciences; Science
Mr. Hunt, observing that a black substance leaves a stronger impression
on a metallic surface than a white, applied the property to the art of
copying prints, woodcuts, writing, and printing, on copper amalgamated
on one surface and highly polished, merely by placing the object to be
copied smoothly on the metal, and pressing it into close contact by a
plate of glass: after some hours the plate is subjected to the vapour of
mercury, and afterwards to that of iodine, when a black and accurate
impression of the object comes out on a grey ground. Effects similar to
those attributed to heat may also be produced by electricity. Mr.
Karsten, by placing a glass plate upon one of metal, and on the glass
plate a medal subjected to discharges of electricity, found a perfect
image of the medal impressed on the glass, which could be brought into
evidence by either mercury or iodine; and, when several plates of glass
were interposed between the medal and the metallic plate, each plate of
glass received an image on its upper surface after the passage of
electrical discharges. These discharges have the remarkable power of
restoring impressions that have been long obliterated from plates by
polishing—a proof that the disturbances upon which these phenomena
depend are not confined to the surface of the metals, but that a very
decided molecular change has taken place to a considerable depth. Mr.
Hunt’s experiments prove that the electro-negative metals make the most
decided images upon electro-negative plates, and _vice versâ_. M.
Matteucci has shown that a discharge of electricity does not visibly
affect a polished silver plate, but that it produces an alteration which
renders it capable of condensing vapour.
The impression of an engraving was made by laying it face downwards on a
silver plate iodized, and placing an amalgamated copper plate upon it;
it was left in darkness fifteen hours, during which time an impression
of the engraving had been made on the amalgamated plate _through the
paper_.
An iodized silver plate was placed in darkness with a coil of string
laid on it, and with a polished silver plate suspended one-eighth of an
inch above it: after four hours they were exposed to the vapours of
mercury, which became uniformly deposited on the iodized plate, but on
the silver one there was a sharp image of the string, so that this image
was formed in the dark, and even without contact. Coins or other objects
leave their impressions in the same manner with perfect sharpness and
accuracy, when brought out by vapour without contact, in darkness, and
on simple metals.
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