On the Connexion of the Physical SciencesSomerville, Mary
Science
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Somerville, Mary
Physical sciences; Science
In the present year Mr. Gassiot, Vice-President of the Royal Society,
has shown that the stratified character of the electric discharge is
remarkably developed in the Torricellian vacuum. Among the various
experiments made by that gentleman two may be selected as strongly
illustrative of this new and singular property of electrical light.
In a closed glass tube about an inch internal diameter and 38 inches
long, in which a vacuum had been made, two platinum wires were
hermetically sealed, 32 inches apart, and connected with the poles of an
inductive battery. The luminous appearance at the two poles was very
different when electricity passed through the wires. A glow surrounded
the negative pole, and in close approximation to the glow a well-defined
dark space appeared, while from the positive pole or wire the light
proceeded in a stream; but unless the charge be great or the tube short,
the stream will not extend to the black band, which is totally different
from the intervening space. When discharges of electricity were sent
through this vacuum tube a series of bands or stratifications were
formed which were concave towards the positive pole; and as in the
changes in making and breaking the circuit the electricity emanates from
the different terminals or wires, their concavities were in opposite
directions.
When instead of platinum wires narrow tinfoil coatings were placed round
the exterior of the glass tube and connected with the wires of the
battery, brilliant stratifications filled the interior of the tube
between the foil coatings, but no dark band appeared. At present Mr.
Gassiot is inclined to believe that the dark band is due to
interference; but that the stratifications arise from pulsations or
impulses of a force acting in a highly attenuated but resisting medium,
for even with the best air-pumps it is impossible to make a perfect
void; he is still occupied with experiments on this new subject, and no
doubt will obtain very remarkable results, of which none can be more
extraordinary than his discovery of the powerful influence of the magnet
on this electric light. The stratifications are formed in rapid
succession in the tube with platinum wires and are turned different
ways, but they can be separated at any part of the tube by the pole of a
magnet round which the whole stratifications have a tendency to revolve.
In the second experiment, where the tinfoil was used, the discharge was
divided in two by the pole of a magnet, and the two parts had a tendency
to rotate round the magnet in opposite directions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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