On the Development and Distribution of Primitive Locks and KeysPitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane-Fox
History
On the Development and Distribution of Primitive Locks and Keys
Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane-Fox
Locks and keys
But for whatever purpose these crooked keys were used, whether as
latch-keys, as keys for single-tumbler pins, or as hooks to pull back
a plain iron or wooden bolt, the large size of some of them,
especially that from Caburn, fig. 41B, and sickle shape, corresponds
with remarkable accuracy to the description of a Greek key given by
EUSTATHIUS, and quoted in PARKHURST'S 'Hebrew Lexicon.' He says that
they were "in the shape of a sickle, and that not being easily carried
in the hand on account of their inconvenient form they were carried on
the shoulder, as we see our reapers carry on their shoulders at this
day their sickles, joined and tied together." CALLIMACHUS, in his hymn
to CERES, says that the goddess, having assumed the form of NICIPPE,
her priests carried a key, [Greek: katômadios], that is, fit to be
borne on the shoulder.[16] This also explains, I presume, the passage
in Isaiah, "and the key of the House of DAVID _will I lay upon his
shoulder_; so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut,
and none shall open."[17] It will be seen that the specimen found by
me in Mount Caburn corresponds exactly with the description given in
the above quotations, the curved portion of the key being 7-1/4 inches
in diameter, a bundle of them tied together would exactly fit the
shoulder, as represented in fig. 43B, Plate IV. As we know from the
researches of Mr. EVANS and others that imitations of the coins of
Greece spread throughout Gaul and Britain, some of which, of very
debased form and cast in tin, were found in the camp at Caburn in
association with the sickle-shaped keys, and others have been found in
connection with relics of the same period elsewhere, there is no
inherent improbability in the supposition that the keys may have
followed a like route.[18] Should further discoveries tend to confirm
this connection, it would be a remarkable testimony to the value of
archæological investigation if the well-known passage in the 'Odyssey'
about the key of PENELOPE were to find its definite interpretation on
the shores of Sussex.[19]
[16] This passage is quoted from a paper "On the
Construction of Locks and Keys," read before the Institution
of Civil Engineers by Mr. JOHN CHUBB, April 9, 1850, and is
extracted from PARKHURST'S 'Hebrew Lexicon,' 5th edit., p.
600. London, 1807.
[17] Isaiah xxii, 22. It has been suggested that this
passage in Isaiah was introduced subsequently to the rest of
the book, and dates from a period when keys came into
general use amongst the Jews.
[18] Since the discovery that these objects were keys, I
have reason to think that other things found in the same
place and represented in the same plate, as for instance
figs. 9 and 14, may have been door fastenings.
'Archæologia,' vol. xlvi., Plate XXIV.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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