On the Development and Distribution of Primitive Locks and KeysPitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane-Fox
History
On the Development and Distribution of Primitive Locks and Keys
Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane-Fox
Locks and keys
Figs. 6C, and 7C, Plate IV., are iron keys of these two kinds obtained
by me at Clermont-Ferrand, in Auvergne, France. Figs. 8C, and 9C,
Plate IV., are two similar specimens from Colchester, which are
figured in WRIGHT'S 'Uriconium,' where he supposes them to be latch
keys, and he says that two similar ones were found at Wroxeter.[21]
Fig. 10C, Plate IV., another in my collection from Jordan Hill, near
Weymouth. Fig. 11C, Plate IV., was discovered in a Roman building at
Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, by the Abbé COCHET, in 1864,[22] together with an
iron lock plate, fig. 12C, Plate IV., showing the slit through which
the key entered, and which is similar to the modern Scandinavian
specimen above described. Figs. 13C, and 14C, Plate IV., are two
similar specimens discovered in a Roman villa at Hartlip, in Kent, and
are taken from ROACH SMITH'S 'Collectanea.'[23] Figs. 15C, 16C, and
17C, Plate IV., are similar keys found in Anglo-Saxon graves at Sarr,
in Kent, where the presence of these keys on the left side of the
skeleton usually denoted a female grave.[24] A similar occurrence of
keys in the graves of females has been noticed in the Island of
Björkö. According to an old Scandinavian custom they were the badges
of the lady of the house, who was said to be married to lock and keys,
and from certain law texts of the Middle Ages, it appears that two of
them were suspended from the girdle.[25] Keys of this shape of both
bronze and iron were found at Sarr, corroded together. It is worthy of
remark that in these Saxon graves some fragments of Roman pottery were
found, pointing to the influence of the earlier Roman period. Fig.
18C, Plate IV., is a bronze key from Gotland, and is taken from Mr.
MONTELIUS'S 'Antiquités Suédoises,'[26] where it is described as being
of the late iron age, perhaps as late as the 10th century. Figs. 19C,
and 20C, Plate IV., are from Björkö, in the Gulf of Bothnia, found in
association with relics of the 8th century of our era.
[21] 'Uriconium,' by T. WRIGHT, p. 270; see also
'Archæologia Cambrensis,' vol. vi., 1860, p. 312.
[22] 'La Seine Inférieure,' by M. L'Abbé COCHET, p. 223.
[23] 'Collectanea Antiqua,' vol. ii., Plate VII., figs. 2
and 4.
[24] Paper by J. BRENT, 'Archæologia Cantiana,' vol. vi., p.
175, vol. vii., Plate XIII.
[25] 'Scandinavian Arts,' by HANS HILDEBRAND, p. 129.
Amongst the Romans also keys were regarded as the symbol of
the wife's authority in her husband's household.
[26] 'Antiquités Suédoises,' p. 145.
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