The national movement of the past generation, which has led to the rejuvenation of the Hebrew language, to the founding of prosperous Jewish colonies in Palestine, to the establishment of the Zionist Organization with its branches throughout the world, this national movement has trained us to think politically and to act with statesmanlike grasp of present conditions and of plans for the future. A part of our people has been prepared to deal with the great national problems which obtrude themselves upon us today. Large numbers are still confused by the new outlook and must find guides to direct them in the new paths. The Essays which Dr. Melamed presents to us in this volume are therefore most welcome at this time. He has applied his vast knowledge of history, philosophy and literature, and his intimate acquaintance with Jewish life in many parts of the world, to answer many of the questions about which there has been confusion, and to point out the direction of progress and development in the future. In clear and forceful language he has analyzed Jewish conditions in the past and studied the needs of the future, so as to point out what the present demands of us. We may not agree fully with all the views and conclusions expressed, but we shall find them original, suggestive and illuminating. The publication of these Essays is therefore opportune and timely, and the Jewish public is deeply indebted to Dr. Melamed for their presentation. HARRY FRIEDENWALD. Baltimore, December 23, 1917. JUDEA AND ROME