If moreover Carlyle's words, "He who imports into his own country any true delineation, any rationally spoken word on any subject, has done well," are true, I may also be absolved from censure, if I lay before the public this version of some important utterances of a great thinker, in the hope that it may be an assistance in, and an incitement to, a deeper study of all Schopenhauer's works. THE TRANSLATOR. _May, 1888._ CONTENTS. ON THE FOURFOLD ROOT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON. CHAP. PAGE Translator's Preface v Author's Preface to the Second Edition xvii Editor's Preface to the Third Edition xx Editor's Preface to the Fourth Edition xxviii I. Introduction 1 II. General Survey of the most important views hitherto held concerning the Principle of Sufficient Reason 6 III. Insufficiency of the Old and outlines of a New Demonstration 28 IV. On the First Class of Objects for the Subject, and that form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason which predominates in it 31 V. On the Second Class of Objects for the Subject and that form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason which predominates in it 114 VI. On the Third Class of Objects for the Subject and that form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason which predominates in it 153 VII. On the Fourth Class of Objects for the Subject, and that form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason which predominates in it 165 VIII. General observations and results 177 ON THE WILL IN NATURE. Preface to the Second Edition 193 Editor's Preface to the Third Edition 213 Editor's Preface to the Fourth Edition 214 Introduction 215 Physiology and Pathology 224 Comparative Anatomy 252 Physiology of Plants 281 Physical Astronomy 305 Linguistic 322 Animal Magnetism and Magic 326 Sinology 359