Review of the statements and arguments of preceding chapters.--Cumulative argument against predominant action of "Natural Selection."--Whether anything positive as well as negative can be enunciated.--Constancy of laws of nature does not necessarily imply constancy of specific evolution.--Possible exceptional stability of existing epoch.--Probability that an internal cause of change exists.--Innate powers somewhere must be accepted.--Symbolism of molecular action under vibrating impulses. Professor Owen's statement.--Statement of the Author's view.--It avoids the difficulties which oppose "Natural Selection."--It harmonizes apparently conflicting conceptions.--Summary and conclusion ... _Page_ 220 [Page xii] CHAPTER XII. _THEOLOGY AND EVOLUTION._ Prejudiced opinions on the subject.--"Creation" sometimes denied from prejudice.--The unknowable.--Mr. Herbert Spencer's objections to theism; to creation.--Meanings of term "creation."--Confusion from not distinguishing between "primary" and "derivative" creation.--Mr. Darwin's objections.--Bearing of Christianity on evolution.--Supposed opposition, the result of a misconception.--Theological authority not opposed to evolution.--St. Augustin.--St. Thomas Aquinas.--Certain consequences of want of flexibility of mind.--Reason and imagination.--The first cause and demonstration.--Parallel between Christianity and natural theology.--What evolution of species is.--Professor Agassiz.--Innate powers must be recognized.--Bearing of evolution on religious belief.--Professor Huxley.--Professor Owen.--Mr. Wallace.--Mr. Darwin.--_A priori_ conception of Divine action.--Origin of man.--Absolute creation and dogma.--Mr. Wallace's view.--A supernatural origin for man's body not necessary.--Two orders of being in man.--Two modes of origin.--Harmony of the physical, hyperphysical, and supernatural.--Reconciliation of science and religion as regards evolution.--Conclusion ... _Page_ 243 INDEX ... _Page_ 289 {xiii} LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Leaf Butterfly in flight and repose (_from Mr. A. Wallace's "Malay Archipelago"_) ... 31 Walking-Leaf Insect ... 35 Pleuronectidae, with the peculiarly placed eye in different positions (_from Dr. Traquair's paper in Linn. Soc. Trans., 1865_) ... 37, 166 Mouth of Whale (_from Professor Owen's "Odontography"_) ... 40 Four plates of Baleen seen obliquely from within (_from Professor Owen's "Odontography"_) ... 41 Dugong ... 41, 175 Echinus or Sea Urchin ... 43, 167 Pedicellariae of Echinus very much enlarged ... 44 Rattlesnake ... 49 Cobra (_from Sir Andrew Smith's "Southern Africa"_) ... 50 Wingbones of Pterodactyle, Bat, and Bird (_from Mr. Andrew Murray's "Geographical Distribution of Mammals"_) ... 64, 130, 157 Skeleton of Flying-Dragon ... 65, 158 Centipede (_from a specimen in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons_) ... 66, 159 Teeth of Urotrichus and Perameles ... 68