On the History of Gunter's Scale and the Slide Rule During the Seventeenth CenturyCajori, Florian
History
On the History of Gunter's Scale and the Slide Rule During the Seventeenth Century
Cajori, Florian
Slide-rule
[39]Probably the oldest slide rule now in existence is owned by St. John’s
College, Oxford, and is in the form of a brass disc, 1 ft. 6 in. in
diameter. It was exhibited along with other instruments in May, 1919.
According to the Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Early Scientific
Instruments in Oxford, opened May 16, 1919, the instrument is inscribed
with the name of the maker (“Elias Allen fecit”) and with the name of
the donor, Georgius Barkham. It is dated 1635, which is only three years
after the first publication of Oughtred’s description of his circular
slide rule. It is stated in the Catalogue: “Unfortunately all the
movable parts but the base-plate and a couple of thumb-screws are
missing. The face of the instrument is engraved with Oughtred’s
Horizontal Instrument. The back is engraved with eleven Circles of
Proportion as described in Arthur Haughton’s book, a copy of which was
presented to St. John’s College by George Barkham, to explain the use of
the instrument.” As Arthur Haughton’s Oxford edition of Oughtred’s
Circles of Proportion did not appear until 1660, it would seem that the
instrument was probably not presented to the College before 1660. As far
as is known, the next oldest slide rule is of the year 1654, kept in the
South Kensington Museum, London, and is described in Nature of March 5,
1914. It is a rectilinear rule, “of boxwood, well made, and bound
together with brass at the two ends. It is of the square type, a little
more than 2 ft. in length, and bears the logarithmic lines first
described by Edmund Gunter. Of these, the num, sin and tan lines are
arranged in pairs, identical and contiguous, one line in each pair being
on the fixed part, and the other on the slide.” The instrument is
inscribed, “Made by Robert Bissaker for T. W., 1654.” Nowhere else have
we seen reference to Robert Bissaker. His slide rule seems to antedate
the “Whites rule” mentioned above. [This foot-note was added on October
15, 1919.]
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Vol. 1. 1. On Numbers which Contain no Factors of the Form
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