On the mechanism of the physiological action of the catharticsMacCallum, John Bruce
Science
On the mechanism of the physiological action of the cathartics
MacCallum, John Bruce
Laxatives -- Physiological effect
When a loop is carefully emptied and suspended in a solution of m/8-m/6
NaCl in the way described, it is found that after a considerable time
(20-40 minutes) it is still quite empty. If, on the other hand, an
m/2 solution of NaCl is used the loop is found to contain after 15
to 20 minutes a small but distinct quantity of clear yellowish fluid
resembling the normal intestinal juice. A loop 27 cm. long suspended
in m/2 NaCl for 20 minutes contained 0.6 c.c. fluid. A second loop
30 cm. long in the same solution contained 0.8 c.c. fluid. A control
loop of the same length in m/8 NaCl remained empty. In m/2 NaCl the
movements of the loop are spasmodic and the contractions very strong.
The movements do not usually last more than 5 minutes, although the
loop may be removed from this solution 15 minutes after the movements
have ceased, and may be caused to move again by immersing it in m/8
NaCl containing ¹⁄₂₅ of its volume of m/8 BaCl_{2}. This shows that
the loop is not actually killed by the strong NaCl solution.
A loop suspended in m/6 sodium citrate solution showed active
peristaltic movements, lasting for 20 to 30 minutes. No fluid, however,
collected in this loop. When suspended, however, in m/2 sodium citrate
a measurable quantity of fluid was obtained after 20 minutes. A similar
result was obtained with Na_{2}SO_{4}, active peristalsis, but no
secretion being caused in an m/6 solution. In an m/2 solution, however,
a considerable quantity of fluid collected in the loop.
A loop 28 cm. long suspended in m/8 NaF exhibited active peristaltic
movements which continued for less than 10 minutes. At the end of 20
minutes the loop was found to contain 0.8 c.c. of a clear but slightly
blood-stained fluid.
Loops suspended in m/6 NaCl containing m/6 or m/8 BaCl_{2} in
the proportion of 50 to 1 or 70 to 1 showed very strong muscular
contractions and a well marked secretion of fluid. The muscular
movements were characteristic of barium. Violent local contractions and
firm constrictions of the intestine together with strong peristaltic
movements took place. The loops always contained a distinct and
measurable quantity of fluid after being suspended in this fluid, as
may be seen in the table which follows.
Loops placed in m/6 CaCl_{2} showed no muscular movements whatever,
nor did any fluid gather in the lumen. This is in marked contrast to
the behavior of the loops in the solutions already described. In equal
parts of m/6 NaCl and m/6 CaCl_{2} no movements or secretion took place.
The results of a number of these experiments may be observed in the
following table:--
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