On the mechanism of the physiological action of the catharticsMacCallum, John Bruce
Science
On the mechanism of the physiological action of the cathartics
MacCallum, John Bruce
Laxatives -- Physiological effect
Magnus[64] in his work on the production of oedema of the skin by
intravenous infusions of salt solutions shows in his tables that a
certain amount of fluid is eliminated by the intestines after the
kidneys have been removed. A rabbit with both kidneys removed was
infused with 1,500 c.c. normal salt solution; 200 g. were eliminated
by the intestine. In a second rabbit 1,010 c.c. of fluid were injected
into the veins and 60 g. were eliminated by the intestine. In a dog
1,760 c.c. were injected and 160 g. eliminated by the intestine.
I have made a number of experiments[65] in which the amount of fluid
passing into the intestine during the intravenous injection of large
quantities of NaCl solution was determined not only when the kidneys
were removed from the circulation, but also when they were active. As
shown by the following experiments, the fluid secreted by the intestine
increases rapidly when m/8 or m/6 NaCl solution is injected into
the blood. Without such an injection or other stimulus very little
intestinal juice can be gathered in a time as short as that occupied by
the experiments. In a rabbit’s small intestine there is usually found
between 5 and 10 c.c. fluid, often much less.
Exp. 1. Rabbit. The bloodvessels to the kidneys were tied off and two
cannulæ were put into the intestine, one 35 cm. from the pylorus and
the other in the lower part of the ileum. Each loop was isolated by
ligatures. The upper one was about 30 cm. long and the lower one 42
cm. The upper loop in the beginning contained 5 c.c. fluid, which were
removed. The lower loop was empty. During the first hour 100 c.c. m/8
NaCl were forced into the blood and 5.2 c.c. fluid appeared in the
upper loop and nothing in the lower loop. During the second hour 240
c.c. NaCl solution were injected and 5.4 c.c. fluid appeared in the
upper loop and 13.6 c.c. in the lower loop. During the third hour 160
c.c. NaCl solution were introduced; 6.6 c.c. fluid appeared in the
upper loop and 15.5 c.c. in the lower. The infusion was then stopped
and 26 c.c. were found in the part of the small intestine not included
in the loops. The total amount thus secreted by the intestine in three
hours was 72.3 c.c. This is 14.46% of the quantity injected.
Exp. 2. In another rabbit with kidneys removed, 470 c.c. NaCl solution
were injected during three hours, and 78 c.c. fluid obtained from the
intestine, which is about 16.6% of the quantity injected.
Exp. 3. In a rabbit in which the kidneys were left intact, 547 c.c. m/6
NaCl solution were injected into the blood. 49.5 c.c. were secreted in
3 hours and 30 minutes by the intestine. This is about 9% of the total
quantity of fluid. The quantity of fluid secreted into the loop in the
first half hour was 1.8 c.c.; in the third half hour, 2.9 c.c.; in the
fifth half hour, 6.6 c.c.
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