_Secretion of sugar into the intestine._ Another instance of the way in which the intestine can to some extent take up the function of the kidney is shown by the secretion of sugar by the gut following the injection of large quantities of normal salt solution. It was shown by Bock and Hoffmann[70] that the injection of 1% NaCl solution into the circulation of a rabbit caused transient glycosuria. Large quantities of the solution were injected at the rate of 25-30 c.c. each 5 minutes, and the glycosuria appeared in from 20 minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes after the beginning of the infusion. After a number of hours (6-7) the glycosuria diminished in their experiments and finally disappeared, although the infusion of salt and the flow of urine continued. They found that the entire quantity of sugar eliminated was in one case 1.632 g., and in another case 2.04 g. The percentage of sugar in the urine reached 0.136 and 0.219 respectively in the two experiments. These facts were confirmed by Külz,[71] who found also that section of the splanchnics prevented the glycosuria. The experiments lately published by M. H. Fischer[72] show that the glycosuria is caused not only by NaCl, but by certain of the salts which were shown by Loeb[73] to produce muscular twitchings. He further showed that calcium has the power of suppressing the glycosuria. This secretion of sugar by the kidneys following intravenous infusions, together with the facts shown above that fluid is eliminated to some extent by the intestine in the absence of the kidneys, led me to inquire whether the intestine also secretes sugar when the kidneys have been extirpated and a large amount of NaCl solution is injected. A number of experiments were made to determine this. I have found[74] in brief that with the infusion of large quantities of m/6 NaCl solution into the circulation sugar is abundantly secreted into the intestine. This takes place not only when the kidneys are removed, but also when they are intact, and are also eliminating sugar. This may be seen in the following tables:-- Rabbit--Blood vessels of kidney ligatured; cannula in upper part of small intestine, with loop 35 cm. tied off. Loop emptied; contents 5 c.c., which contained no sugar. NaCl m/6 Intestinal Sugar examination of Time injected juice intestinal juice 10:00 Infusion begun Loop emptied, No sugar 5 c.c. 10:30 20 c.c. 3 c.c. No sugar 11:00 40 c.c. 3 c.c. No sugar 11:30 20 c.c. 4 c.c. No sugar 12:00 120 c.c. 6 c.c. Trace of sugar 12:30 200 c.c. 12 c.c. Sugar abundant 1:00 --c.c. 28 c.c. Sugar abundant -------- 400 c.c.