On the mechanism of the physiological action of the catharticsMacCallum, John Bruce
Science
On the mechanism of the physiological action of the cathartics
MacCallum, John Bruce
Laxatives -- Physiological effect
Here the sugar appeared in the intestinal juice after about 200 c.c.
NaCl solution had been injected. The injection was made in each case
into the vein of the ear by means of a pressure bottle connected with
the water tap. The pressure bottle was in turn connected with a bottle
holding the solution, which was thus forced out at a constant rate
through a long rubber tube immersed in water at 40° C. A hypodermic
needle was fastened in the end of this tube and inserted into the
marginal vein of the rabbit’s ear. In this way the quantity of fluid
injected could be accurately measured and controlled. The salt solution
after passing through the long tube reached the ear at approximately
body temperature. It is of the greatest importance to protect the
intestinal loops in every way possible from loss of heat or from drying.
In the above experiment the _intestinal glycosuria_, if such a term may
be applied to this phenomenon, appears under circumstances which are
exactly the same as those necessary for the production of sugar in the
urine by saline infusions. A further example of this is shown in the
following experiment:--
Rabbit--Blood vessels of both kidneys ligatured. Intestinal loop
including duodenum 32 cm. long. In the loop were found 3 c.c. fluid
which contained no sugar.
NaCl m/6 Intestinal Sugar examination of
Time injected juice intestinal juice
9:45 Infusion begun Loop emptied, No sugar
3 c.c.
10:15 10 c.c. 3 c.c. No sugar
10:45 70 c.c. 3 c.c. No sugar
11:15 75 c.c. 3.2 c.c. No sugar
11:45 85 c.c. 5 c.c. Sugar abundant } 0.202%
} 0.222%
12:15 80 c.c. 9.5 c.c. Sugar abundant 0.25%
12:45 150 c.c. 21 c.c. Sugar abundant
--------
470 c.c.
Here the sugar appeared after the infusion of about 240 c.c. NaCl
solution. The experiment was not carried on to see how long the sugar
would continue to be present in the intestinal juice. The animal
was killed, and it was found that the remaining loops of the small
intestine held 32 c.c. of fluid which contained sugar. The stomach
contents included about 40 c.c. fluid which also contained sugar. Of
the 470 c.c. of fluid injected, 78.7 c.c. were eliminated by the small
intestine and 40 by the stomach. The alimentary canal, then, exclusive
of the large intestine, eliminated about 118 c.c. of the fluid
introduced, which is approximately 25%.
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