A consideration of the pathology of cholera is capable of indicating to
us the manner in which the disease is communicated. If it were ushered
in by fever, or any other general constitutional disorder, then we
should be furnished with no clue to the way in which the morbid poison
enters the system; whether, for instance, by the alimentary canal, by
the lungs, or in some other manner, but should be left to determine this
point by circumstances unconnected with the pathology of the disease.
But from all that I have been able to learn of cholera, both from my own
observations and the descriptions of others, I conclude that cholera
invariably commences with the affection of the alimentary canal. The
disease often proceeds with so little feeling of general illness, that
the patient does not consider himself in danger, or even apply for
advice, till the malady is far advanced. In a few cases, indeed, there
are dizziness, faintness, and a feeling of sinking, before discharges
from the stomach or bowels actually take place; but there can be no
doubt that these symptoms depend on the exudation from the mucous
membrane, which is soon afterwards copiously evacuated. This is only
what occurs in certain cases of hæmorrhage into the alimentary canal,
where all the symptoms of loss of blood are present before that fluid
shows itself in the evacuations. In those rare cases, called “cholera
sicca,” in which no purging takes place, the intestines have been found
distended with the excretion peculiar to the disease, whenever an
examination of the body has taken place after death. In all the cases of
cholera that I have attended, the loss of fluid from the stomach and
bowels has been sufficient to account for the collapse, when the
previous condition of the patient was taken into account, together with
the suddenness of the loss, and the circumstance that the process of
absorption appears to be suspended.
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