The mode of communication of cholera might have been the same as it is,
even if it had been a disease of the blood; for there is a good deal of
evidence to show that plague, typhoid fever, and yellow fever, diseases
in which the blood is affected, are propagated in the same way as
cholera. There is sufficient evidence also, I believe, in the following
pages, to prove the mode of communication of cholera here explained,
independently of the pathology of the disease; but it was from
considerations of its pathology that the mode of communication was first
explained, and, if the views here propounded are correct, we had a
knowledge of cholera, before it had been twenty years in Europe, more
correct than that of most of the older epidemics; a knowledge which,
indeed, promises to throw much light on the mode of propagation of many
diseases which have been present here for centuries.
The instances in which minute quantities of the ejections and dejections
of cholera patients must be swallowed are sufficiently numerous to
account for the spread of the disease; and on examination it is found to
spread most where the facilities for this mode of communication are
greatest. Nothing has been found to favour the extension of cholera more
than want of personal cleanliness, whether arising from habit or
scarcity of water, although the circumstance till lately remained
unexplained. The bed linen nearly always becomes wetted by the cholera
evacuations, and as these are devoid of the usual colour and odour, the
hands of persons waiting on the patient become soiled without their
knowing it; and unless these persons are scrupulously cleanly in their
habits, and wash their hands before taking food, they must accidentally
swallow some of the excretion, and leave some on the food they handle or
prepare, which has to be eaten by the rest of the family, who, amongst
the working classes, often have to take their meals in the sick room:
hence the thousands of instances in which, amongst this class of the
population, a case of cholera in one member of the family is followed by
other cases; whilst medical men and others, who merely visit the
patients, generally escape. The _post mortem_ inspection of the bodies
of cholera patients has hardly ever been followed by the disease that I
am aware, this being a duty that is necessarily followed by careful
washing of the hands; and it is not the habit of medical men to be
taking food on such an occasion. On the other hand, the duties performed
about the body, such as laying it out, when done by women of the working
class, who make the occasion one of eating and drinking, are often
followed by an attack of cholera; and persons who merely attend the
funeral, and have no connexion with the body, frequently contract the
disease, in consequence, apparently, of partaking of food which has been
prepared or handled by those having duties about the cholera patient, or
his linen and bedding.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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