On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan regionWallace, Alfred Russel
Science
On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Geographical distribution; Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Variation
Resembles very closely _P. Erectheus_ ♀; but the white patch on the hind
wings does not cover so much of the cell, and the two middle lobes are
much elongated posteriorly, and separated by wedge-shaped spaces; the
blue lunules are but slightly marked, and do not exceed two in number.
Under side:—differs from _P. Erectheus_ in the white patch never
reaching the anterior margin of the hind wings. In a specimen from
Waigiou, the four middle lunules are nearly white. This may be
considered the typical form of female, as it occurs everywhere in
company with the male.
_3rd form_ of female (_Amanga_, Bd.). Tab. III. fig. 4.
I have three specimens of this form from three of the localities in
which the male occurs. They differ slightly from each other, but agree
generally with the figure and description above quoted. An allied form
of female (of the next species) was observed closely followed by two
males of the ordinary form; they were watched for some time, the males
hovering over the females in the manner usual before pairing; and the
three were then captured at one stroke of the net. This occurred three
years after the capture of the specimen figured by Mr. Hewitson, and at
once convinced me that these puzzling specimens were an additional form
of female to a well-known male. The fact that the only females known of
an allied species (_P. Tydeus_) are intermediate between these forms
confirms this determination.
_Hab._ Aru Island, Mysol, Goram Isl. (_Wall._)
72. PAPILIO PANDION, n. s.
_Male._ Closely resembles _P. Ormenus_, but presents the following
differences:—
Upper side:—the band of spots across the fore wings is faintly marked,
or more frequently quite absent; the grey lines bordering the nervures
at the apex are more distinct; on the hind wings, the first three
indentations of the whitish patch are followed by faint powdered lunules
of the same colour.
Under side:—the apex of the fore wings is strongly marked with grey
lines between the nervures, but has generally no spots; on the hind
wings there is a curved submarginal band of lunules across the wing,
viz., at the anal angle a large irregular red lunulate spot with a blue
and a grey mark above it—2nd, a larger grey lunule with an angular blue
mark below it, and a red lunule nearer the margin—3rd, a similar grey
lunule and blue mark—4th, a larger grey lunule, and a smaller blue mark
with a faint red lunule below—5th, a grey lunule and a faint blue dash
below—6th, a blue lunule with a faint grey mark above—7th, a blue lunule
with a very faint mark above it. These vary somewhat in different
specimens, but the whole series can always be traced.
_1st form_ of female.
Scarcely distinguishable from the typical female of the last species:
the blue lunules on the under surface form a complete series, almost as
in _P. Erectheus_ ♀.
_Hab._ New Guinea, Salwatty, Mysol Island (with the male) (_Wall._).
_2nd form_ of female.
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