On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan regionWallace, Alfred Russel
Science
On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Geographical distribution; Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Variation
_Remarks._—At Macassar I took only males of _P. Encelades_, and females
of _P. Deucalion_ at the same spot (a half-dry river-bed), and therefore
conjectured that they might be sexes of one species, although so unlike.
Some years afterwards, however, I took at Menado a fine male of _P.
Deucalion_, which only differs in its rather smaller size and brighter
colouring.
92. PAPILIO IDÆOIDES, Hewitson.
_P. Idæoides_, Hew. Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 1. f. 2.
_Hab._ Philippine Islands (♂) (_Brit. Mus._).
_Remark._—This singular species must closely resemble on the wing
_Hestia Leuconoë_, from the same islands.
93. PAPILIO DELESSERTII, Guérin.
_P. Delessertii_, Guér.; Deless. Souvenirs, t. 17.
_Hab._ Pulo Penang (_Hope Museum, Oxford_).
_Remark._—This resembles the species of _Hestia_ and _Idæopsis_, from
the same locality, and is intermediate in size. It has been confounded
with the next.
94. PAPILIO DEHAANII, Wallace.
_P. Laodocus_, De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. t. 8. f. 5 (nec Fab.); _P.
Melanides_, Erichs. Archiv für Natur. 1843 (nec De Haan, 1839).
_Hab._ Malacca, Borneo (_Wall._), Java (_Leyden Mus._).
_Remarks._—The Bornean specimens are rather larger, and have the yellow
anal spot somewhat differently shaped. The two names which have been
applied to this species having been preoccupied, I have named it after
the first describer.
95. PAPILIO LEUCOTHOË, Westwood.
_P. Leucothoë_, Westw. Arc. Ent. pl. 79. f. 3; _P. Xenocles_, var.,
Brit. Mus. List of Pap.
_Hab._ Singapore, Malacca (_Wall._), N. India.
96. PAPILIO MACAREUS, Godart.
_P. Macareus_, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. pl. 76; Horsf. Desc. Cat. Lep. E.
1. C. pl. 5. f. 1; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 374.
_P. striatus_, Zink. Beitr. Ins. Java, t. 14. f. 5.
_Hab._ Malacca (_Wall._), Java (_Horsfield_), Borneo (_Leyden Mus._).
This species closely resembles _Danais Aglaë_, Cr., found in the same
islands.
97. PAPILIO STRATOCLES, Felder.
_P. Stratocles_, Feld. Lép. Nov. Philipp, p. 2.
_Hab._ Mindanao (Philippines).
98. PAPILIO THULE, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 1 (♂).
Form of _P. Macareus_, but smaller.
Above:—brown-black, spotted and marked with greenish white; a row of
spots near the outer margin of all the wings, and on the upper wings a
second row between the first and the end of the cell, three or four
others close to the cell, and 5–7 irregularly placed in the cell; the
spot next the outer angle is double, and the two lower spots of the
second row are continued indistinctly to the cell. The lower wings have
a mark at the end of the cell, and five elongated spots radiating from
it between the nervures.
Beneath:—brown, with the spots all whiter and more distinct. Neck with
four white points; abdomen dusky, with pale lines on the sides and
beneath.
Expanse of wings 3¾ inches.
_Hab._ New Guinea (♂) (_Wall._).
Variety or local form _a_.—Like the above, but with the discal spots of
the lower wings united into a transverse band divided by fine nervures.
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