On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan regionWallace, Alfred Russel
Science
On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Geographical distribution; Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Variation
Fig. 1. _Papilio Thule_, male. The upper surfaces of two varieties or
local forms of this species are figured. The right side represents
the form found in New Guinea, the left side that obtained in
Waigiou. It resembles _Danais sobrina_, Bd., which inhabits the same
countries, and varies in a somewhat similar manner (see pages 20 and
63).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Ænigma_, male, from Sumatra (see page 60). This
species was named as above, from its puzzling resemblance to
_Papilio Paradoxa_, which is found in the same districts. Both
species appear to mimic _Euplœa Midamus_ (see page 20).
Fig. 2. _Papilio Miletus_, male, from Celebes (see page 65). This
species and the next exhibit in a striking manner the abruptly
curved wing peculiar to Celebes. Figs. 5 and 6 represent species
almost equally remarkable in this respect.
Fig. 4. _Papilio Telephus_, male, from Celebes (see page 67).
Fig. 5. _Papilio Androcles_, male, from Celebes (see page 63).
Fig. 6. _Papilio Gigon_, female, from Celebes (see page 59).
PLATE VIII.
Illustrates, by comparative outlines of the anterior wings, the local
modification of form in the Papilios of Celebes as compared with
those of the surrounding islands. In each pair of outlines, the
upper one represents a species peculiar to Celebes, while the one
beneath it shows the most closely allied species or variety from any
of the surrounding islands. (For details, see page 16.) The
following are the names of the species:—
Fig. 1. _Papilio Gigon_, from Celebes; _P. Demolion_, from Java.
Fig. 2. _Papilio Macedon_, from Celebes; _P. Peranthus_, from Java.
Fig. 3. _Papilio Androcles_, from Celebes; _P. Antiphates_, from
Borneo.
Fig. 4. _Papilio Telephus_, from Celebes; _P. Jason_, from Sumatra.
Fig. 5. _Papilio Miletus_, from Celebes; _P. Sarpedon_, from Java.
Fig. 6. _Papilio Agamemnon_, var., from Celebes; _P. Agamemnon_, var.,
from Sumatra.
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J. O. Westwood, del. Day & Son, lith^{rs} to the Queen.
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J. O. Westwood, del. Vincent Brooks, Imp.
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PLATE VI.
Represents four species not before figured, belonging to the most
brilliantly coloured group of Eastern Papilios, and illustrating
local modifications of form. N.B. The right side shows the upper
surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. _Papilio Pericles_, male, from Timor (see page 45).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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