On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan regionWallace, Alfred Russel
Science
On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Geographical distribution; Papilionidae -- Malaysia -- Variation
Represents the various forms of _Papilio Ormenus_ (see pages 8, 55,
and 56). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface,
and the right side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 2. A male, from the island of Goram.
Fig. 1. The first form of female, from Waigiou.
Fig. 3. The second form of female, from Waigiou.
Fig. 4. The third form of female (_P. Amanga_, Bd.), from the island
of Goram.
PLATE IV.
Represents two species allied to _Papilio Ormenus_, but whose females
are not _dimorphic_ (see pages 57 and 58). N.B. The left side of
each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under
surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. A female of _Papilio Adrastus_, peculiar to the island of
Banda (see page 57).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Tydeus_; a male, from Batchian.
Fig. 2. The female of _Papilio Tydeus_, exhibiting a single permanent
form confined to a small group of islands (Batchian and Gilolo),
intermediate between the two forms of _Papilio Ormenus_ ♀ which are
represented on Plate III. figs. 3 and 4.
PLATE V.
Represents several new species of Papilio, illustrating “local
variation.” N.B. The right side of each figure shows the upper
surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. The male of _Papilio Noctis_, from Borneo (see page 41). The
female was figured by Mr. Hewitson in the ‘Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London,’ 1859, plate 66. fig. 5.
Fig. 2. _Papilio Leodamas_, male, from Mysol (see page 42).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Hecuba_, male, from Celebes (see pages 16 and 50).
Fig. 4. _Papilio Pertinax_, male, from Celebes (see page 49).
Fig. 5. _Papilio Albinus_, male, from New Guinea (see page 49).
PLATE VI.
Represents four species not before figured, belonging to the most
brilliantly coloured group of Eastern Papilios, and illustrating
local modifications of form. N.B. The right side shows the upper
surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. _Papilio Pericles_, male, from Timor (see page 45).
Fig. 2. _Papilio Macedon_, male, from Celebes (see page 45). This
species exhibits in a marked manner the strongly arched wings
characteristic of those from Celebes, as contrasted with those
represented at figs. 1 and 3, from other islands (see pages 16, 17
and 18).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Philippus_, female, from Ceram (see page 45).
Fig. 4. _Papilio Blumei_, male, from the north of Celebes (see page
46). This also exhibits the arched wing, as compared with its ally
from the Moluccas (fig. 3).
PLATE VII.
Represents six remarkable species of Papilio not before figured. N.B.
Except in fig. 1, the right side shows the upper surface, and the
left side the under surface of the same insect.
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