On the theory of the infinite in modern thought : $b Two introductory studiesJourdain, Eleanor F. (Eleanor Frances)
Philosophy
On the theory of the infinite in modern thought : $b Two introductory studies
Jourdain, Eleanor F. (Eleanor Frances)
Infinite; Knowledge, Theory of; Pragmatism
The sphere of change, however, one would answer, includes all nature,
and science in its discoveries acts on the hypothesis that these
steps of change may be infinitely divisible. Royce held to it firmly
that any consistent attempt to make an orderly arrangement of the
terms of an infinite whole must lead to the Indefinite Regress. And
he further shows the connection with the fact that an infinite series
can be adequately represented by a part of itself.
In the Boyle Lecture, delivered in Oxford in 1908, on the properties
of radium, two facts emerged which show that the Indefinite Regress
is now recognised in science.
First, that in the region of experiment we become aware of groups of
elements allied to radium, which seem, in the number of individuals
in their groups, to follow a simple arithmetical progression.
Secondly, that radio-active elements lose in activity at a certain
rate, which always represents an exact proportion of the mass which
remains. The tremendous disintegrating force slackens in exact
relation to the time which passes, so that the smaller the morsel
the less the relative loss of mass. Here, then, is the Indefinite
Regress. In the world of fact as well as of ideas we are dealing with
aspects of Infinity.[25]
II. INFINITE SERIES
There are other aspects of Infinity which we can get at by studying
series, and which in the conception of series of series give strength
and point to the philosophic conception of an Absolute.
Prof. C. Keyser develops this thought, and shows (in two recent
articles, January and April 1909, in the _Hibbert Journal_) that
certain theological dogmas, such as the doctrine of the Trinity,
and certain attributes of the Divine Being, such as Omniscience and
Omnipresence, are entirely conceivable by the human mind if regarded
without the paralysing limitations of the Finite. He shows that in
our mathematical formulæ which have to do with infinite series we
have the exact replica of what to the lay, non-mathematical mind seem
to be the paradoxes of the Athanasian Creed. He first shows that in
a mathematical analogy points of view about an Infinite Being, even
if partially discordant, may all be true if regard is had to His
Infinity.[26]
Further, he shows that certain assumptions, such as _the whole
is greater than its part_, are inapplicable to Infinite Being.
The conception of a Trinity in Unity in which “none is afore or
after other, none is greater or less than another, but the whole
three persons are co-eternal together and co-equal” is rationally
conceivable by the mathematician who is familiar with the theory of
manifolds.[27]
We have, he shows, three infinite manifolds:--
E of the even integers.
O of the odd ones.
F of the fractions having integers for their terms.
No two of these have a single element in common, yet the three
together constitute one manifold M, that is exactly equal in wealth
of elements to _each_ of its infinite components.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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