On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta: Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of GeneraWollaston, Thomas Vernon
Science
On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta: Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of Genera
Wollaston, Thomas Vernon
Insects; Variation (Biology)
Taking the preceding considerations into account, the question will
perhaps arise,--How then is a genus to be defined? To which I may
reply that, were I asked whether genera had any real existence in the
animate world, my answer would be that they undoubtedly have,--though
not in the sense (which is so commonly supposed) of abrupt and
disconnected groups. I conceive them to be gradually formed nuclei,
through the gathering together of creatures which more or less
resemble each other, around a central type: they are the _dilatations_
(to use our late simile) along a chain which is itself composed of
separate, though differently shaped links,--the links being the actual
species themselves, and the swellings, or nodes, the slowly developed
genera into which they naturally fall. When I say "slowly developed,"
my meaning may possibly require some slight comment. It is simply
therefore to guard against the fallacy, which I have so often
disclaimed, that genera are abruptly (or suddenly) terminated on their
outer limits, that the expression has been employed. Though I believe
that a series of _species_, each partially imitating the next in
contact with it, is Nature's truest system; yet we must be all of us
aware that those species do certainly tend, in the main, to map out
assemblages of divers phases and magnitudes, distinguished by peculiar
characteristics which the several members of each squadron have more
or less in common. So that it is only in the middle points that these
various groups, respectively, attain their maximum,--every one of
which (by way of illustration) may be described as a _concentric
bulb_, which becomes denser, as it were, in its successive component
layers, and more typical, as it approaches its core.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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