On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta: Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of GeneraWollaston, Thomas Vernon
Science
On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta: Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of Genera
Wollaston, Thomas Vernon
Insects; Variation (Biology)
If, then, the theory of genera be such as I have endeavoured to
expound, it results from what has been said, _that every generic type
is to be looked for in, or about, the centre of its peculiar
group_,--or at any rate in that region of it which would seem to be
the most characteristically, or evenly, pronounced. I lay particular
stress upon this conclusion, because (if correct) it will somewhat
modify the notions which are occasionally entertained upon the
subject. A stricture, however, may here be required upon what I have
advanced, lest, through using the metaphors _which I selected for the
elucidation of a principle_, it be supposed that I would wish them to
apply to the smaller details, likewise, of the problem. If a genus has
been portrayed under the similitude of a bulb, or of a nodule (formed
by the approximation of beads which more or less resemble each other
in their primary aspect), it does not follow that either bulb or
nodule are to diminish in a similar ratio towards their respective
circumferences,--or, which is the same thing, that they are to be
symmetrical; whether spherical, ovoid, or otherwise. The general
method of the organic creation is a progressive one; and its
successive types, therefore, will not always be found to radiate
_equally_ from their normal foci: so that it is in the direction of
the _higher_ (rather than the lower) extremities of the assemblages
that those foci are usually to be discerned;--and where the groups are
large, it is not often difficult to pronounce which of their ends are,
as a whole, the more perfectly developed.
It will, moreover, be further acknowledged (if my premises are
allowed), that, since it is a somewhat central position which the
typical member of a genus usually occupies, _the diagnostic
characters_, although (in combination) carried out to the full, _are
more evenly balanced in a generic type than in any of its associates_;
or, in other words, that a species in which any single organ is
monstrously enlarged, at the expense of the rest, is seldom typical of
the assemblage with which it is placed; but may be _a priori_ regarded
as in all probability a transition form, leading us onwards into some
neighbouring group[81].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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