On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta: Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of GeneraWollaston, Thomas Vernon
Science
On the Variation of Species, with Especial Reference to the Insecta: Followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of Genera
Wollaston, Thomas Vernon
Insects; Variation (Biology)
I will not, however, venture too closely into this question in its
minor bearings;--suffice it to have demonstrated that, whatever be the
rate, law, or direction, of the advancement of the various groups
towards a more perfect model; or in whatsoever position the several
types are to be discerned, with respect to their immediate associates,
genera _cannot_ be isolated and distinct, but must of necessity merge
(each into two or more others) on their outer limits. Hence, if such
be the case, as I contend that it usually is (the exceptions to the
rule being, as I shall hope shortly to prove, the result of accident,
and by no means a part of the original design), it may perhaps be a
problem, how far we are justified in rejecting many large and natural
assemblages, through the fact that they blend, both at their
commencement and termination, imperceptibly, with others,--their
precise boundaries being dimly defined.
That the recognition of genera is necessary, even as a matter of mere
convenience, is self-evident; for in many extensive departments they
combine with each other so completely at their extremities (although
sufficiently well-marked in the mass), that, unless we are prepared
to accept them as they are, we must needs repudiate them altogether:
under which circumstances, our difficulties, both in determination and
nomenclature, would be increased tenfold. We should also recollect,
that clusters which seem abruptly chalked out whilst our knowledge is
imperfect, are very frequently united with others when fresh
discoveries are made, and the intermediate grades brought to light: so
that their apparent isolation may oftentimes arise from our ignorance
of the absent links, rather than from the fact itself. It would surely
be more desirable, therefore, when viewed even in the light of
expediency alone, to submit to the possibility of a few neutral
species being conceded, _with equal reason_, to different groups, than
to amalgamate the whole, and so lose sight of the general method or
arrangement, into which the various creatures do unquestionably (in a
broad sense) dispose themselves. If, however, there be any truth in
the generic doctrine as above enunciated, the question of
_convenience_ may be omitted from our speculations _in toto_,--seeing
that _all_ genera (except those whose present abruptness is the effect
of accident) fuse into others with which they are in immediate
contact: so that in reality, unless we ignore these natural
assemblages from first to last, we have no choice left us as regards
the equivocal forms; but must consent to recognize them as of doubtful
location, and as possessing an equal right to be placed in one or the
other of two consecutive groups,--according to the judgment of the
particular naturalist who has to deal with them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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