That climate of itself possesses but a limited modifying power on insect development, is evident from the consideration (just alluded to), that numerous species of comparatively wide distribution are totally unaffected by it. Thus, for instance, the _Pissodes notatus_, Fab., a weevil which occurs in pine forests from Lapland to Barbary, and which has been naturalized even in the Madeira Islands, passes through the alternations to which it is specifically subject, irrespective of country. In like manner, the _Lixus angustatus_, Fab., so abundant in Central and Southern Europe, the north of Africa, Malta, Madeira, and the Canaries, and which has been detected in Persia, would seem to be perfectly free from atmospheric control. The _Coccinella 7-punctata_, Linn., which exists in nearly every portion of the Old World, is apparently unacted upon geographically. Numberless beetles which follow in the track of man, or at any rate are liable to do so, almost everywhere (such as _Carpophilus hemipterus_, Linn., _Trogosita mauritanica_, Linn., _Laemophloe us pusillus_, Schoenh., _Dermestes vulpinus_, Fab., _Anobium striatum_, Oliv., _Rhizopertha pusilla_, Fab., _Sitophilus granarius_ and _Oryzae_, Linn., and _Tribolium ferrugineum_, Fab.), show little or no tendency to variation. Nor is this independence of climate to be observed less frequently in the aquatic forms, than in the terrestrial ones: the _Agabus bipustulatus_, Linn., common in the streams and pools of the whole of Europe, the north of Africa, and in Madeira, although naturally somewhat inconstant, offers no aberration, _the result of latitude_; as is equally the case with the _Hydroporus confluens_, Fab., which is found from Sweden to the Canaries, and the _Eunectes sticticus_, Linn.,--an insect literally cosmopolitan. The Swallow-Tail Butterfly (_Papilio Machaon_, Linn.), the Clouded Yellow (_Colias Edusa_, Fab.) and the Painted Lady (_Cynthia Cardui_, Linn.),--the first and second of which occur throughout Europe, in Siberia, Syria, Egypt, Barbary, Nepaul, and Cashmere; whilst the third (so general in our own country) has been recorded from India, North America, the Brazils, Africa, Java, and New South Wales,--however irregular they may be, afford no indications[6] of undoubted geographical instability. We need not however multiply examples, since our space will scarcely admit of it, and numbers of them will be at once suggested to the entomologist: what it mainly concerns us here to corroborate, is the thesis, _that climatal operation_, although by no means invested with a universal qualifying power, _has an amount of influence on certain species, even whilst unconnected with other elements,--and therefore_, a fortiori, _when in combination with them_.