If, therefore, all the threads of military activity terminate in the
combat, we shall grasp them all when we settle the order of the
combats. Only from this order and its execution proceed the effects,
never directly from the conditions preceding them. Now, in the combat
all the action is directed to the _destruction_ of the enemy, or rather
of _his fighting powers_, for this lies in the conception of combat.
The destruction of the enemy’s fighting power is, therefore, always the
means to attain the object of the combat.
This object may likewise be the mere destruction of the enemy’s armed
force; but that is not by any means necessary, and it may be something
quite different. Whenever, for instance, as we have shown, the defeat
of the enemy is not the only means to attain the political object,
whenever there are other objects which may be pursued as the aim in a
War, then it follows of itself that such other objects may become the
object of particular acts of Warfare, and therefore also the object of
combats.
But even those combats which, as subordinate acts, are in the strict
sense devoted to the destruction of the enemy’s fighting force need not
have that destruction itself as their first object.
If we think of the manifold parts of a great armed force, of the number
of circumstances which come into activity when it is employed, then it
is clear that the combat of such a force must also require a manifold
organisation, a subordinating of parts and formation. There may and
must naturally arise for particular parts a number of objects which are
not themselves the destruction of the enemy’s armed force, and which,
while they certainly contribute to increase that destruction, do so
only in an indirect manner. If a battalion is ordered to drive the
enemy from a rising ground, or a bridge, &c., then properly the
occupation of any such locality is the real object, the destruction of
the enemy’s armed force which takes place only the means or secondary
matter. If the enemy can be driven away merely by a demonstration, the
object is attained all the same; but this hill or bridge is, in point
of fact, only required as a means of increasing the gross amount of
loss inflicted on the enemy’s armed force. It is the case on the field
of battle, much more must it be so on the whole theatre of war, where
not only one Army is opposed to another, but one State, one Nation, one
whole country to another. Here the number of possible relations, and
consequently possible combinations, is much greater, the diversity of
measures increased, and by the gradation of objects, each subordinate
to another the first means employed is further apart from the ultimate
object.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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