Show a much soiled towel and ask what is usually done to clean it. It is washed. Ask the pupils to tell just what they mean by that. The towel is put in water and soap used on it. What effect will the soap and water have on the foreign substance? They will soften or dissolve it. Then what must be done next? The towel must be rubbed on a board or with the hands. What effect has this operation on the foreign substance? It scrapes or rubs the foreign substance away. Then we have another way of cleaning: By first dissolving the foreign substance, and then scraping or rubbing it away. A number of well-known cleaning operations may then be given, and the pupils asked in each case to decide the method used--such as, whisking a coat, scrubbing a table, cleaning the teeth, or washing dishes. COMMON HOUSEHOLD CLEANSING AGENTS Next, get lists of the common cleansing agents found in an ordinary home, and arrange them in order of coarseness. BLACK-BOARD OUTLINE The black-board scheme, as the lesson develops, will appear as follows: 1. _Meaning of Cleaning:_ Cleaning is removing any foreign substance. 2. _Methods of Cleaning:_ (1) Scraping or rubbing away the foreign substance. (2) Dissolving the foreign substance and then scraping or rubbing it away. 3. _Household cleansing agents used in the first method:_ (1) Duster (2) Brush (3) Broom (4) Washboard (5) Knife (6) Whiting (7) Bathbrick (8) Coarse salt (9) Sand (10) Ashes. 4. _Household cleansing agents used in the second method:_ (1) Water (2) Hot water (3) Soap (4) Lux (5) Ammonia (6) Borax (7) Washing soda (8) Coal-oil (9) Gasolene (10) Acids (11) Lye. 5. _Combination cleansing agents:_ (1) Bon Ami, (2) Dutch Cleanser, (3) Sapolio. When the class have these ideas, they are ready to put them into practice, and the remainder of the lesson should be spent in practical work. If the pupils have soiled no dishes, it may be wise to drill them first in table washing or towel washing, so as to get them ready for the next lesson when tables and towels will be used. LESSONS III, IV, ETC. Gradually, in connection with the making of simple dishes, the pupils should be taught special methods of dish washing, sink cleaning, and dusting. Each day as they are appointed to different duties in cleaning, these methods should be strictly followed until they become well known. While they are still new to the class, it will be a great help to have outlines of the kinds of cleaning which are necessary in every lesson posted conveniently in different parts of the room for reference. These outlines may be as follows: DISH WASHING Preparation for washing: 1. Put away the food. 2. Scrape and pile the dishes. 3. Put the dishes that need it to soak.