Liquid--coal-oil, gasolene, alcohol Solid--coal (coke), wood (charcoal) Gaseous--natural gas, coal gas. NOTE.--Electricity is a means of producing heat, but cannot be called a fuel. THE KITCHEN STOVE LESSON II In developing the construction of a practical coal or wood range, it is a good idea to use the black-board and make a rough drawing to illustrate the details, as they are given by the pupils. These details should be evolved from the knowledge gained in the preceding lessons, and the drawing should not be an illustration of any particular stove. After the best practical stove, according to the pupils' ideas, has been thought out and represented on the black-board, they should examine and criticise the school range and the stoves at home. They are then ready to be given the responsibility of managing any ordinary range. * * * * * The following are the necessary details to be considered regarding a kitchen stove: Material.--(1) Iron, (2) steel Shape.--Rectangular. Compartments.--(1) Fire-box, (2) ash-box, (3) oven, (4) passage for hot air, (5) other compartments if desired, such as water tank, warming closet, etc. Dampers.--(1) Front damper--below the fuel, to control the entrance of oxygen to the fuel. (2) Oven damper--above the fuel at the entrance to the pipe, to control the heat for the oven, and also to control the draught. (3) Check damper--at the front of the stove above the fuel, to admit a cross current of air to check the draught. Management of the stove.--(1) Lighting the fire, (2) heating the oven, (3) arranging for over night, (4) cleaning and care. NOTE.--Openings below the level of the fire increase the draught, and those above the level check it. [Illustration: A kitchen coal or wood range, showing, (_a_) oven damper open] [Illustration: A kitchen coal or wood range, showing, (_b_) oven damper closed] THE FIRELESS COOKER Throughout the training given in Household Management, the teacher should emphasize the value of labour-saving devices and aids in the home. How to economize time and energy should be a prominent feature of every practical lesson. If time permit, a lesson may be taken to consider specially such aids as are readily procurable, together with their average cost. In this lesson the fireless cooker is considered. [Illustration: A fireless cooker] The principles of the fireless cooker are based on a knowledge of the laws governing the conduction and radiation of heat. For this reason, an elementary science lesson relating to these laws should precede this lesson. Such a science lesson is part of the regular grade work of Form IV, so if a specialist teaches the Household Management of that grade, she and the regular teacher should arrange to co-ordinate their lessons. PRINCIPLES OF THE FIRELESS COOKER