(2) If stained, use some scouring powder; wash and dry. (3) If food is burned on, boil in a solution of washing soda and then scour; wash and dry. ALUMINIUM Utensils made of this are very light in weight and, as they have no crevices, are easily cleaned. They are also good conductors of heat. 1. Care: This metal warps under a high temperature, and should, therefore, be used with care. Do not turn the gas on full, or, if used over wood or coal fires, be sure to leave the stove lid on. Some foods injure the metal, if they are allowed to remain in it very long. 2. Cleaning: (1) Wash in hot water, with mild soap. Alkalies should not be used, as they darken the surface. (2) If food is burned on, the dish should be soaked in water and then scoured with bathbrick or emery powder. (3) Whiting may be used to brighten it. ZINC This is not used for utensils, but for table tops and for placing under stoves, etc. Cleaning: (1) Use hot water and mild soap. Alkalies and acids affect zinc and should be used with care. (2) If stained, rub with coal-oil or a paste made of coal-oil and soda, and then wash in hot water. GALVANIZED IRON This is used for garbage pails, ash pans, stove pipes, etc. It is made by dipping sheet-iron into melted zinc. Cleaning: The same as for zinc. COPPER OR BRASS Utensils made of these are heavy but durable and are good conductors of heat. They are dangerous, if not properly cleaned. Cleaning: (1) Wash in hot water, using a little washing soda to remove any grease, rinse well, and dry. (2) If stained or tarnished, scour with salt and vinegar, then rinse thoroughly, and dry. SILVER This is used for spoons, knives, forks, and serving dishes, but never for cooking utensils, on account of its cost. It is the best conductor of heat among the house metals. Cleaning: (1) Wash in hot soap-suds. (2) If stained or tarnished, use whiting or silver polish, wash, and dry. RECIPE FOR SILVER POLISH 2 tbsp. borax 1 cup boiling water 1/2 cup alcohol whiting. 1. Dissolve the borax in the water. 2. When cold, add the alcohol and enough whiting to make a thin cream. 3. Bottle, and shake when used. NOTE.--The care and cleaning of the metals out of which ordinary utensils are made, such as granite ware, tin, and steel, may be taught incidentally as the utensils are used. CHAPTER IX FORM IV: JUNIOR GRADE (Continued) LAUNDRY WORK