Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries.) ONTARIO TEACHERS' MANUALS NATURE STUDY AUTHORIZED BY THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION TORONTO THE RYERSON PRESS COPYRIGHT, CANADA, 1915, BY THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR ONTARIO Second Printing, 1918 Third Printing, 1923 Fourth Printing, 1924 Transcriber's note: Minor typos have been corrected. Italics are indicated by subscripts (_) and bold words are indicated by tildes (~). CONTENTS PAGE PREFATORY NOTE 1 COURSE OF STUDY--DETAILS 3 CHAPTER I The Aims of Nature Study; General Methods 13 Concrete Material 15 Topics and material must suit the season; matter suited to the child; use of the commonplace; order of development of lesson; problems in observation; note-books and records 15 The School Garden 19 Suggestions; Garden Expenses 20 The Excursion 23 Its value; difficulties; frequency; suggestions for ungraded schools; the teacher's excursions; a type excursion 23 Collections 29 Animal Studies 29 Domestic animals; references 29 Birds; references 30 Insects; insect collections 34 Butterfly and moth collections 37 Plant Collections 39 CHAPTER II Physical Science Phase of Nature Study 42 Instructions and General Method 42 Value of such lessons; conditions under which experiments should be performed 42 Correlations of physical science phase 44 List of Reference Books and Bulletins on garden and plant study, physical science, and animal study 45 Physical Science--Equipment for Forms III and IV 47 Desirable apparatus 47 Chemicals 48 Apparatus 50 Grenet cells; decomposition apparatus; pneumatic trough; spirit-lamp; barometer; hygrometer; hints 50