Allow the seeds to fall through the air, and thus the pupils will discover the use of the wings attached to the seeds. The wood is next examined, its colour and odour are noted, and its hardness is tested. Find articles in the school-room that are made of pine wood. ELM The following topics are suggested for aiding in the selection of matter for a lesson on a typical broad-leafed tree: The height of the tree. The part of the height that is composed of tree tops. The umbrella shape or dome shape of the top. The gracefully drooping branches of the outer part of the top. Try to find other trees with tops like that of the elm. The diameter of the trunk. The diameter is almost uniform up to the branches. The branches all come off from one point, like the ribs of an umbrella. The thick bark, that of the old trees being marked by deep furrows. The birds that make their nests in the elm. In spring find and examine the flowers, fruits, seeds, and also the leaves. FIELD EXERCISE A good out-of-door exercise to follow the general lesson outlined above, is to require the pupils to find all the elm trees or a number of elm trees growing in the locality and to describe their location and the kind of soil on which they grow. The maple, oak, horse-chestnut, and apple are also suitable trees upon which to base lessons for Form I. DOMESTIC ANIMALS Domestic animals not only furnish suitable subjects for observation work, but also afford good opportunities for developing that sympathetic interest in animal life which will cause the pupils to more nearly appreciate the useful animals and to treat them more humanely. THE HORSE I ~Introduction.~--By means of a conversation with the pupils, find out what they know about the horse and lead them to think about his proper treatment. ~Lesson.~--The matter and method are suggested by the following: What are the different things for which horses are useful? What kinds of horses are most useful for hauling heavy loads? Why are they most useful? What kinds are the most useful for general farm work? Why are they the most useful? What kinds are the most useful for driving? Are there any other animals that would be as useful as the horse for all these things? What causes some horses to be lean and weary while others are fat and brisk? What kinds of stables should horses have as to warmth, dryness, and fresh air? Why is it cruel to put a frosty bit into a horse's mouth? When a horse is warm from driving on a cold day, how should he be protected if hitched out-of-doors? Why, when he is warm from driving, should the blanket not be put on until he has been in the stable for a little while? Correlate with reading from _Black Beauty_. II